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تسجيل مستخدم جديد2016 Update of the discovery of nuclides
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تأليف
M. Thoennessen
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The 2016 update of the discovery of nuclide project is presented. Only twelve new nuclides were observed for the first time in 2016. A large number of isotopes is still only published in conference proceedings or internal reports. No changes to earlier assignments were made.
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The 2018 update of the discovery of nuclide project is presented. 50 new nuclides were observed for the first time in 2018. A large number of isotopes is still only published in conference proceedings or internal reports.
The 2013 update of the discovery of nuclide project is presented. Details of the 12 new nuclides observed for the first time in 2013 are described. In addition, the discovery of 266Db has been included and the previous assignments of 6 other nuclides
were changed. Overview tables of where and how nuclides were discovered have also been updated and are discussed.
The 2014 update of the discovery of nuclide project is presented. Only six new nuclides were observed for the first time in 2014 while the assignments of seventeen other nuclides were revised. In addition, for another fourteen nuclides the laboratories where they were discovered were reassigned.
The 2017 update of the discovery of nuclide project is presented. 34 new nuclides were observed for the first time in 2017. However, the assignment of six previously identified nuclides had to be retracted.
The existence of nuclei with exotic combinations of protons and neutrons provides fundamental information on the forces acting between nucleons. The maximum number of neutrons a given number of protons can bind, neutron drip line1, is only known for
the lightest chemical elements, up to oxygen. For heavier elements, the larger its atomic number, the farther from this limit is the most neutron-rich known isotope. The properties of heavy neutron-rich nuclei also have a direct impact on understanding the observed abundances of chemical elements heavier than iron in our Universe. Above half of the abundances of these elements are thought to be produced in rapid-neutron capture reactions, r-process, taking place in violent stellar scenarios2 where heavy neutron-rich nuclei, far beyond the ones known up today, are produced. Here we present a major step forward in the production of heavy neutron-rich nuclei: the discovery of 73 new neutron-rich isotopes of chemical elements between tantalum (Z=72) and actinium (Z=89). This result proves that cold-fragmentation reactions3 at relativistic energies are governed by large fluctuations in isospin and energy dissipation making possible the massive production of heavy neutron-rich nuclei, paving then the way for the full understanding of the origin of the heavier elements in our Universe. It is expected that further studies providing ground and structural properties of the nuclei presented here will reveal further details on the nuclear shell evolution along Z=82 and N=126, but also on the understanding of the stellar nucleosyntheis r-process around the waiting point at A~190 defining the speed of the matter flow towards heavier fissioning nuclei.
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