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Mounting evidence for the role of oxidative stress in the degeneration of articular cartilage after an injurious impact requires our modeling & simulation efforts to temporarily shift from just describing the effect of mechanical stress and inflammation on osteoarthritis (OA). The hypothesis that the injurious impact causes irreversible damage to chondrocyte mitochondria, which in turn increase their production of free radicals, affecting their energy production and their ability to rebuild the extracellular matrix, has to be modeled and the processes quantified in order to further the understanding of OA, its causes, and viable treatment options. The current article presents a calibrated model that captures the damage oxidative stress incurs on the cell viability, ATP production, and cartilage stability in a cartilage explant after a drop-tower impact. The model validates the biological hypothesis and will be used in further efforts to identify possibilities for treatment and be a part of a bigger modeling & simulation framework for the development of OA.
Purpose: Experimental measurements of bone mineral density distributions (BMDDs) enable a determination of secondary mineralisation kinetics in bone, but the maximum degree of mineralisation and how this maximum is approached remain uncertain. We thu
The formation of new bone involves both the deposition of bone matrix, and the formation of a network of cells embedded within the bone matrix, called osteocytes. Osteocytes derive from bone-synthesising cells (osteoblasts) that become buried in bone
Measurements on embryonic epithelial tissues in a diverse range of organisms have shown that the statistics of cell neighbor numbers are universal in tissues where cell proliferation is the primary cell activity. Highly simplified non-spatial models
Muscle uses Ca2+ as a messenger to control contraction and relies on ATP to maintain the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Mitochondria are the major sub-cellular organelle of ATP production. With a negative inner membrane potential, mitochondria take
Cell internalization of a blastomere, namely gastrulation, is a common and significant milestone during development of metazoans from worm to human, which generates multiple embryonic layers with distinct cell fates and spatial organizations. Althoug