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The perturbative effective potential suffers infrared (IR) divergences in gauges with massless Goldstones in their minima (like Landau or Fermi gauges) but the problem can be fixed by a suitable resummation of the Goldstone propagators. When the potential minimum is generated radiatively, gauge-independence of the potential at the minimum also requires resummation and we demonstrate that the resummation that solves the IR problem also cures the gauge-dependence issue, showing this explicitly in the Abelian Higgs model in Fermi gauge. In the process we find an IR divergence (in the location of the minimum) specific to Fermi gauge and not appreciated in recent literature. We show that physical observables can still be computed in this gauge and we further show how to get rid of this divergence by a field redefinition. All these results generalize to the Standard Model case.
We study the behavior of the dynamical fermion mass when infrared divergences and mass shell singularities are present in a gauge theory. In particular, in the massive Schwinger model in covariant gauges we find that the pole of the fermion propagato
The propagator of a gauge boson, like the massless photon or the massive vector bosons $W^pm$ and $Z$ of the electroweak theory, can be derived in two different ways, namely via Greens functions (semi-classical approach) or via the vacuum expectation
We calculate the one-loop effective potential at finite temperature for a system of massless scalar fields with quartic interaction $lambdaphi^4$ in the framework of the boundary effective theory (BET) formalism. The calculation relies on the solutio
The gauge dependence of effective average action in the functional renormalization group is studied. The effective average action is considered as non-perturbative solution to the flow equation which is the basic equation of the method. It is proven
In principle, observables as for example the sphaleron rate or the tunneling rate in a first-order phase transition are gauge-independent. However, in practice a gauge dependence is introduced in explicit perturbative calculations due to the breakdow