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The monolithic integration of electronics and photonics has attracted enormous attention due to its potential applications. However, the realization of such hybrid circuits has remained a challenge because it requires optical communication at nanometer scales. A major challenge to this integration is the identification of a suitable material. After discussing the material aspect of the challenge, we identified atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) as a perfect material platform to implement the circuit. The selection of TMDs is based on their very distinct property: monolayer TMDs are able to emit and absorb light at the same wavelength determined by direct exciton transitions. To prove the concept, we fabricated simple devices consisting of silver nanowires as plasmonic waveguides and monolayer TMDs as active optoelectronic media. Using photoexcitation, direct optical imaging and spectral analysis, we demonstrated generation and detection of surface plasmon polaritons by monolayer TMDs. Regarded as novel materials for electronics and photonics, transition metal dichalcogenides are expected to find new applications in next generation integrated circuits.
We propose a practical scheme to generate a pure valley current in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides by one-photon absorption of linearly polarized light. We show that the pure valley current can be detected by either photoluminescence measu
Integrated lithium niobate (LN) photonic circuits have recently emerged as a promising candidate for advanced photonic functions such as high-speed modulation, nonlinear frequency conversion and frequency comb generation. For practical applications,
Embedding a monolayer of a transition metal dichalcogenide in a high-Q optical cavity results in the formation of distinct exciton polariton modes. The polaritons are affected by the strong exciton-phonon interaction in the monolayer. We use a time c
Degenerate minima in momentum space - valleys - provide an additional degree of freedom that can be used for information transport and storage. Notably, such minima naturally exist in the band structure of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Whe
Excitons, composite electron-hole quasiparticles, are known to play an important role in optoelectronic phenomena in many semiconducting materials. Recent experiments and theory indicate that the band-gap optics of the newly discovered monolayer tran