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A single-passage, bimodal magnetic force microscopy technique optimized for scanning samples with arbitrary topography is discussed. A double phase-locked loop (PLL) system is used to mechanically excite a high quality factor cantilever under vacuum conditions on its first mode and via an oscillatory tip-sample potential on its second mode. The obtained second mode oscillation amplitude is then used as a proxy for the tip-sample distance, and for the control thereof. With appropriate $z$-feedback parameters two data sets reflecting the magnetic tip-sample interaction and the sample topography are simultaneously obtained.
We propose a theoretical framework for reconstructing tip-surface interactions using the intermodulation technique when more than one eigenmode is required to describe the cantilever motion. Two particular cases of bimodal motion are studied numerica
We report the quantum calibration of a magnetic force microscope (MFM) by measuring the two-dimensional magnetic stray field distribution of the tip MFM using a single nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond. From the measured stray field distributio
Light emission spectrum from a scanning tunnelling microscope (LESTM) is investigated as a function of relative humidity and shown to be a novel and sensitive means for probing the growth and properties of a water meniscus in the nm-scale. An empiric
We demonstrate the quantitative measurement of the magnetization of individual magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) using a magnetic force microscope (MFM). The quantitative measurement is realized by calibration of the MFM signal using an MNP reference samp
While offering unprecedented resolution of atomic and electronic structure, Scanning Probe Microscopy techniques have found greater challenges in providing reliable electrostatic characterization at the same scale. In this work, we introduce Electros