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تسجيل مستخدم جديدCombinatorics of loop equations for branched covers of sphere
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We prove, in a purely combinatorial way, the spectral curve topological recursion for the problem of enumeration of bi-colored maps, which are dual objects to dessins denfant. Furthermore, we give a proof of the quantum spectral curve equation for this problem. Then we consider the generalized case of 4-colored maps and outline the idea of the proof of the corresponding spectral curve topological recursion.
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In this note we give a(nother) combinatorial proof of an old result of Baik--Rains: that for appropriately considered independent geometric weights, the generating series for last passage percolation polymers in a $2n times n times n$ quarter square
(point-to-half-line-reflected geometry) splits as the product of two simpler generating series---that for last passage percolation polymers in a point-to-line geometry and that for last passage percolation in a point-to-point-reflected (half-space) geometry, the latter both in an $n times n times n$ triangle. As a corollary, for iid geometric random variables---of parameter $q$ off-diagonal and parameter $sqrt{q}$ on the diagonal---we see that the last passage percolation time in said quarter square obeys Tracy--Widom $mathrm{GOE}^2$ fluctuations in the large $n$ limit as both the point-to-line and the point-to-point-reflected geometries have known GOE fluctuations. This is a discrete analogue of a celebrated Baik--Rains theorem (the limit $q to 0$) and more recently of results from Bisis PhD thesis (the limit $q to 1$).
By using double branched covers, we prove that there is a 1-1 correspondence between the set of knotoids in the 2-sphere, up to orientation reversion and rotation, and knots with a strong inversion, up to conjugacy. This correspondence allows us to s
tudy knotoids through tools and invariants coming from knot theory. In particular, concepts from geometrisation generalise to knotoids, allowing us to characterise invertibility and other properties in the hyperbolic case. Moreover, with our construction we are able to detect both the trivial knotoid in the 2-sphere and the trivial planar knotoid.
For a given polynomial $V(x)in mathbb C[x]$, a random matrix eigenvalues measure is a measure $prod_{1leq i<jleq N}(x_i-x_j)^2 prod_{i=1}^N e^{-V(x_i)}dx_i$ on $gamma^N$. Hermitian matrices have real eigenvalues $gamma=mathbb R$, which generalize to
$gamma$ a complex Jordan arc, or actually a linear combination of homotopy classes of Jordan arcs, chosen such that integrals are absolutely convergent. Polynomial moments of such measure satisfy a set of linear equations called loop equations. We prove that every solution of loop equations are necessarily polynomial moments of some random matrix measure for some choice of arcs. There is an isomorphism between the homology space of integrable arcs and the set of solutions of loop equations. We also generalize this to a 2-matrix model and to the chain of matrices, and to cases where $V$ is not a polynomial but $V(x)in mathbb C(x)$.
Branched covers are applied frequently in topology - most prominently in the construction of closed oriented PL d-manifolds. In particular, strong bounds for the number of sheets and the topology of the branching set are known for dimension d<=4. On
the other hand, Izmestiev and Joswig described how to obtain a simplicial covering space (the partial unfolding) of a given simplicial complex, thus obtaining a simplicial branched cover [Adv. Geom. 3(2):191-255, 2003]. We present a large class of branched covers which can be constructed via the partial unfolding. In particular, for d<=4 every closed oriented PL d-manifold is the partial unfolding of some polytopal d-sphere.
To any differential system $dPsi=PhiPsi$ where $Psi$ belongs to a Lie group (a fiber of a principal bundle) and $Phi$ is a Lie algebra $mathfrak g$ valued 1-form on a Riemann surface $Sigma$, is associated an infinite sequence of correlators $W_n$ th
at are symmetric $n$-forms on $Sigma^n$. The goal of this article is to prove that these correlators always satisfy loop equations, the same equations satisfied by correlation functions in random matrix models, or the same equations as Virasoro or W-algebra constraints in CFT.
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