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In this paper, a word based chaotic image encryption scheme for gray images is proposed, that can be used in both synchronous and self-synchronous modes. The encryption scheme operates in a finite field where we have also analyzed its performance according to numerical precision used in implementation. We show that the scheme not only passes a variety of security tests, but also it is verified that the proposed scheme operates faster than other existing schemes of the same type even when using lightweight short key sizes.
Recently, an image encryption scheme based on a compound chaotic sequence was proposed. In this paper, the security of the scheme is studied and the following problems are found: (1) a differential chosen-plaintext attack can break the scheme with on
This paper studies the security of an image encryption scheme based on the Hill cipher and reports its following problems: 1) there is a simple necessary and sufficient condition that makes a number of secret keys invalid; 2) it is insensitive to the
We follow two main objectives in this article. On the one hand, we introduce a security model called LORBACPA$^+$ for self-synchronized stream ciphers which is stronger than the blockwise LOR-IND-CPA, where we show that standard constructions as dela
Quantum encryption is a well studied problem for both classical and quantum information. However, little is known about quantum encryption schemes which enable the user, under different keys, to learn different functions of the plaintext, given the c
Recently, a self-embedding fragile watermark scheme based on reference-bits interleaving and adaptive selection of embedding mode was proposed. Reference bits are derived from the scrambled MSB bits of a cover image, and then are combined with authen