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[Background] Above the nucleon resonance region, the $N(e,epi^pm)N$ data cannot be explained by conventional hadronic models. For example, the observed magnitude of the transverse cross section is significantly underestimated in a framework with Reggeized background amplitudes. [Purpose] Develop a phenomenological framework for the $N(e,epi^pm)N$ reaction at high invariant mass $W$ and deep photon virtuality $Q^2$. [Method] Building on the work of Kaskulov and Mosel, a gauged pion-exchange current is introduced with a running cutoff energy for the proton electromagnetic transition form factor. A new transition form factor is proposed. It respects the correct on-shell limit, has a simple physical interpretation and reduces the number of free parameters by one. [Results] A study of the $W$ dependence of the $N(e,epi^pm)N$ lends support for the newly proposed transition form factor. In addition, an improved description of the separated and unseparated cross sections at $-t lesssim 0.5 ;text{GeV}^2$ is obtained. The predictions overshoot the measured unseparated cross sections for $-t > 0.5 ;text{GeV}^2$. Introducing a strong hadronic form factor in the Reggeized background amplitudes brings the calculations considerably closer to the high $-t$ data. [Conclusions] Hadronic models corrected for resonance/parton duality describe the separated pion electroproduction cross sections above the resonance region reasonably well at low $-t$. In order to validate the applicability of these models at high $-t$, separated cross sections are needed. These are expected to provide a more profound insight into the relevant reaction mechanisms.
Background: In $pi^+n$ and $pi^-p$ electroproduction, conventional models cannot satisfactory explain the data above the resonance region, in particular the transverse cross section. Although no high-energy L-T-separated cross-section data is availab
Parity violating (PV) contributions due to interference between $gamma$ and $Z^0$ exchange are calculated for pion electroproduction off the nucleon. A phenomenological model with effective Lagrangians is used to determine the resulting asymmetry for
We have made the first measurements of the virtual Compton scattering (VCS) process via the H$(e,ep)gamma$ exclusive reaction in the nucleon resonance region, at backward angles. Results are presented for the $W$-dependence at fixed $Q^2=1$ GeV$^2$,
We discuss the extended on-mass-shell scheme for manifestly Lorentz-invariant baryon chiral perturbation theory. We present a calculation of pion photo- and electroproduction up to and including order $q^4$. The low-energy constants have been fixed b
A model based on the hadronic fluctuations of the real photon is developed to describe the total photonucleon and photonuclear cross sections in the energy region above the nucleon resonances. The hadronic spectral function of the photon is derived i