اشترك بالحزمة الذهبية واحصل على وصول غير محدود شمرا أكاديميا
تسجيل مستخدم جديدThe effect of metal enrichment and galactic winds on galaxy formation in cosmological zoom simulations
344
0
0.0
(
0
)
اسأل ChatGPT حول البحث
ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
We investigate the differential effects of metal cooling and galactic stellar winds on the cosmological formation of individual galaxies with three sets of cosmological, hydrodynamical zoom simulations of 45 halos in the mass range 10^11<M_halo<10^13M_sun. Models including both galactic winds and metal cooling (i) suppress early star formation at z>1 and predict reasonable star formation histories, (ii) produce galaxies with high cold gas fractions (30-60 per cent) at high redshift, (iii) significantly reduce the galaxy formation efficiencies for halos (M_halo<10^12M_sun) at all redshifts in agreement with observational and abundance matching constraints, (iv) result in high-redshift galaxies with reduced circular velocities matching the observed Tully-Fisher relation at z~2, and (v) significantly increase the sizes of low-mass galaxies (M_stellar<3x10^10M_sun) at high redshift resulting in a weak size evolution - a trend in agreement with observations. However, the low redshift (z<0.5) star formation rates of massive galaxies are higher than observed (up to ten times). No tested model predicts the observed size evolution for low-mass and high-mass galaxies simultaneously. Due to the delayed onset of star formation in the wind models, the metal enrichment of gas and stars is delayed and agrees well with observational constraints. Metal cooling and stellar winds are both found to increase the ratio of in situ formed to accreted stars - the relative importance of dissipative vs. dissipationless assembly. For halo masses below ~10^12M_sun, this is mainly caused by less stellar accretion and compares well to predictions from semi-analytical models but still differs from abundance matching models. For higher masses, the fraction of in situ stars is over-predicted due to the unrealistically high star formation rates at low redshifts.
قيم البحث
اقرأ أيضاً
Massive early-type galaxies have higher metallicities and higher ratios of $alpha$ elements to iron than their less massive counterparts. Reproducing these correlations has long been a problem for hierarchical galaxy formation theory, both in semi-an
alytic models and cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. We show that a simulation in which gas cooling in massive dark haloes is quenched by radio-mode active galactic nuclei (AGNs) feedback naturally reproduces the observed trend between $alpha$/Fe and the velocity dispersion of galaxies, $sigma$. The quenching occurs earlier for more massive galaxies. Consequently, these galaxies complete their star formation before $alpha$/Fe is diluted by the contribution from type Ia supernovae. For galaxies more massive than $sim 10^{11}~M_odot$ whose $alpha$/Fe correlates positively with stellar mass, we find an inversely correlated mass-metallicity relation. This is a common problem in simulations in which star formation in massive galaxies is quenched either by quasar- or radio-mode AGN feedback. The early suppression of gas cooling in progenitors of massive galaxies prevents them from recapturing enriched gas ejected as winds. Simultaneously reproducing the [$alpha$/Fe]-$sigma$ relation and the mass-metallicity relation is, thus, difficult in the current framework of galaxy formation.
We present cosmological zoom-in hydro-dynamical simulations for the formation of disc galaxies, implementing dust evolution and dust promoted cooling of hot gas. We couple an improved version of our previous treatment of dust evolution, which adopts
the two-size approximation to estimate the grain size distribution, with the MUPPI star formation and feedback sub-resolution model. Our dust evolution model follows carbon and silicate dust separately. To distinguish differences induced by the chaotic behaviour of simulations from those genuinely due to different simulation set-up, we run each model six times, after introducing tiny perturbations in the initial conditions. With this method, we discuss the role of various dust-related physical processes and the effect of a few possible approximations adopted in the literature. Metal depletion and dust cooling affect the evolution of the system, causing substantial variations in its stellar, gas and dust content. We discuss possible effects on the Spectral Energy Distribution of the significant variations of the size distribution and chemical composition of grains, as predicted by our simulations during the evolution of the galaxy. We compare dust surface density, dust-to-gas ratio and small-to-big grain mass ratio as a function of galaxy radius and gas metallicity predicted by our fiducial run with recent observational estimates for three disc galaxies of different masses. The general agreement is good, in particular taking into account that we have not adjusted our model for this purpose.
We investigate efficiency and time dependence of metal enrichment processes in the Intra-Cluster Medium (ICM). In this presentation we concentrate on the effects of galactic winds. The mass loss rates due to galactic winds are calculated with a speci
al algorithm, which takes into account cosmic rays and magnetic fields. This algorithm is embedded in a combined N-body/hydrodynamic code which calculates the dynamics and evolution of a cluster. We present mass loss rates depending on galaxy properties like type, mass, gas mass fraction and the surrounding ICM. In addition we show metallicity maps as they would be observed with X-ray telescopes.
We use high-resolution cosmological zoom simulations with ~200 pc resolution at z = 2 and various prescriptions for galactic outflows in order to explore the impact of winds on the morphological, dynamical, and structural properties of eight individu
al galaxies with halo masses ~ 10^11--2x10^12 Msun at z = 2. We present a detailed comparison to spatially and spectrally resolved H{alpha} and other observations of z ~ 2 galaxies. We find that simulations without winds produce massive, compact galaxies with low gas fractions, super-solar metallicities, high bulge fractions, and much of the star formation concentrated within the inner kpc. Strong winds are required to maintain high gas fractions, redistribute star-forming gas over larger scales, and increase the velocity dispersion of simulated galaxies, more in agreement with the large, extended, turbulent disks typical of high-redshift star-forming galaxies. Winds also suppress early star formation to produce high-redshift cosmic star formation efficiencies in better agreement with observations. Sizes, rotation velocities, and velocity dispersions all scale with stellar mass in accord with observations. Our simulations produce a diversity of morphological characteristics - among our three most massive galaxies, we find a quiescent grand-design spiral, a very compact star-forming galaxy, and a clumpy disk undergoing a minor merger; the clumps are evident in H{alpha} but not in the stars. Rotation curves are generally slowly rising, particularly when calculated using azimuthal velocities rather than enclosed mass. Our results are broadly resolution-converged. These results show that cosmological simulations including outflows can produce disk galaxies similar to those observed during the peak epoch of cosmic galaxy growth.
We present a study of the effect of AGN feedback on metal enrichment and thermal properties of the intracluster medium (ICM) in hydrodynamical simulations. The cosmological simulations are performed for a set of clusters using a version of the TreePM
-SPH Gadget code that follows chemo-dynamical evolution by accounting for metal enrichment by different stellar populations. Besides runs not including any efficient form of energy feedback, we carry out simulations including: (i) kinetic feedback in the form of galactic winds triggered by supernova explosions; (ii) AGN feedback from gas accretion onto super-massive black holes (BHs); (iii) AGN feedback in which a radio mode is included. We find that AGN feedback is able to quench star formation in the brightest cluster galaxies at z<4 and provides correct temperature profiles in the central regions of galaxy groups. However, its effect is not sufficient to create cool cores in massive clusters. AGN feedback creates a widespread enrichment in the outskirts of clusters, thanks to its efficiency in displacing enriched gas from galactic halos to the inter-galactic medium at relatively high redshift. Iron abundance profiles are in better agreement with observations, with a more pristine enrichment of the ICM around and beyond the cluster virial regions. From the pattern of the relative abundances of Silicon and Iron, we conclude that a significant fraction of ICM enrichment in simulations is contributed by a diffuse population of intra-cluster stars. Our simulations also predict that profiles of Z_Si/Z_Fe abundance ratio do not increase at least out to 0.5 R_vir. Our results clearly show that different sources of energy feedback leave distinct imprints in the enrichment pattern of the ICM, that are more evident when looking at cluster external regions.
سجل دخول لتتمكن من نشر تعليقات
التعليقات
جاري جلب التعليقات
سجل دخول لتتمكن من متابعة معايير البحث التي قمت باختيارها
