ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
We study the > 10 ratios in the X-ray to optical column densities inferred from afterglow spectra of Gamma Ray Bursts due to gas surrounding their progenitors. We present time-evolving photoionization calculations for these afterglows and explore different conditions for their environment. We find that homogenous models of the environment (constant density) predict X-ray columns similar to those found in the optical spectra, with the bulk of the opacity being produced by neutral material at large distances from the burst. This result is independent of gas density or metallicity. Only models assuming a progenitor immersed in a dense (10^(2-4) cm-3) cloud of gas (with radius ~10 pc), with a strong, declining gradient of density for the surrounding interstellar medium are able to account for the large X-ray to optical column density ratios. However, to avoid an unphysical correlation between the size of this cloud, and the size of the ionization front produced by the GRB, the models also require that the circumburst medium is already ionized prior to the burst. The inferred cloud masses are <10^6 M_solar, even if low metallicities in the medium are assumed (Z~0.1 Z_solar). These cloud properties are consistent with those found in giant molecular clouds and our results support a scenario in which the progenitors reside within intense star formation regions of galaxies. Finally, we show that modeling over large samples of GRB afterglows may offer strong constraints on the range of properties in these clouds, and the host galaxy ISM.
We update a flux-limited complete sample of Swift-based SGRBs (SBAT4, DAvanzo et al. 2014), bringing it to 25 events and doubling its previous redshift range. We then evaluate the column densities of the events in the updated sample, in order to comp
We compare the HI column densities from Ly-alpha absorption to the metal column densities from X-ray absorption in gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows. Eight bursts of seventeen entering the sample, have significant extragalactic X-ray absorptions. Of t
We study the X-ray absorption of a complete sample of 99 bright Swift gamma-ray bursts. Over the last few years, a strong correlation between the intrinsic X-ray absorbing column density (N_H(z)) and the redshift was found. This absorption excess in
The X-ray spectra of Gamma-Ray Bursts can generally be described by an absorbed power law. The landmark discovery of thermal X-ray emission in addition to the power law in the unusual GRB 060218, followed by a similar discovery in GRB 100316D, showed
The UV spectra of Galactic and extragalactic sightlines often show OVI absorption lines at a range of redshifts, and from a variety of sources from the Galactic circumgalactic medium to AGN outflows. Inner shell OVI absorption is also observed in X-r