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Left- and right-handed helical modes statistical absolute equilibria appear textit{separately}. If both chiral sectors present, one can dominate around its positive pole, which is relevant to the nearly maximally helical (force free for magnetic field) states of turbulence. Pure magnetodynamics (PMD, or electron magnetohydrodynamics --- EMHD), pure hydrodynamics (PHD), and, single-fluid and two-fluid MHDs are studied. Relevant documented data and issues of cascade properties, and, helical and nonhelical dynamos are revisited. We also discuss new scenarios, such as PMD inverse magnetic helicity and forward energy cascades, and, the continuous transition from completely-inverse to partly-inverse-and-partly-forward and to completely-forward energy transfers in PHD.
Self-sustained turbulent structures have been observed in a wide range of living fluids, yet no quantitative theory exists to explain their properties. We report experiments on active turbulence in highly concentrated 3D suspensions of Bacillus subti
Two-fluid Braginskii codes have simulated open-field line turbulence for over a decade, and only recently has it become possible to study these systems with continuum gyrokinetic codes. This work presents a first-of-its-kind comparison between fluid
We studied the curvature-driven roughening of a disk domain pattern with a variable interface window. The relaxation of interface is driven by negative surface tension . When a domain boundary propagates radially at a constant rate, we found that evo
A three-step laser excitation scheme is used to make absolute frequency measurements of highly excited nF7/2 Rydberg states in 85Rb for principal quantum numbers n=33-100. This work demonstrates the first absolute frequency measurements of rubidium R
We present two phenomenological models for 2D turbulence in which the energy spectrum obeys a nonlinear fourth-order and a second-order differential equations respectively. Both equations respect the scaling properties of the original Navier-Stokes e