ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
Lithium is overabundant in cosmic rays because protons impact on carbon and oxygen nuclei and fission them. Among the products of this fission is lithium. Given this preference for carbon and oxygen atoms, in this work I propose that in an atmosphere of almost pure CO2, such as Mars and Venus atmospheres, lithium nuclei are produced by interaction with cosmic rays. I calculated the production rate of lithium and came to the conclusion that, for pressures of two bars or greater, are produced between 21 and 81 lithium nuclei for each primary cosmic rays proton. For lower pressures, the production is less and almost nil with the current pressure of Mars or Earth (pressure of CO2). Assuming a rate of cosmic ray arrival at Mars equal to that of Earth, and a pressure greater than two bars throughout the history of Mars, the amount of lithium that would occur would be between 162 and 642 million metric tons (in the Earth lithium estimated reserves are 30 million metric tons). These values are an upper limit; the actual amount of lithium on Mars will depend on the time in which the planet had a dense atmosphere (> 2 bars). That is, the amount of lithium produced by cosmic rays, serves to estimate the time that Mars had a thick atmosphere and therefore the capacity for have liquid water on surface.
The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) has now made continuous in-situ meteorological measurements for several martian years at Gale crater, Mars. Of importance in the search for liquid formation are REMS meas
Microscopic liquid brines, especially calcium-perchlorate could emerge by deliquescence on Mars during night time hours. Using climate model computations and orbital humidity observations, the ideal periods and their annual plus daily characteristics
Transmission spectroscopy to date has detected atomic and molecular absorption in Jupiter-sized exoplanets, but intense efforts to measure molecular absorption in the atmospheres of smaller (Neptune-sized) planets during transits have revealed only f
It is not yet entirely clear whether Mars began as a warm and wet planet that evolved towards the present-day cold and dry body or if it always was cold and dry with just some sporadic episodes of liquid water on its surface. An important clue into t
The spatial distribution of Cherenkov radiation from cascade showers generated by muons in water has been measured with Cherenkov water calorimeter (CWC) NEVOD. This result allowed to improve the techniques of treating cascade showers with unknown ax