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A new equation of state is proposed in order to describe the thermal behavior of relic neutrinos. It is based on extensions of the MIT bag model to deal with the gravitational interaction and takes in account the fermionic character of neutrinos. The results for the temperature and entropy of relic neutrinos are compared with those of the cosmic background radiation, treated as a gas of photons at the temperature of 2.726 K. In particular, it is found that the temperature of the relic neutrinos is 3/4 of that of the photon gas. The ratio between the two entropies is also estimate.
The standard model of cosmology predicts the existence of cosmic neutrino background in the present Universe. To detect cosmic relic neutrinos in the vicinity of the Earth, it is necessary to evaluate the gravitational clustering effects on relic neu
The authority of J. A. Wheeler in many areas of gravitational physics is immense, and there is a connection with the study of relic gravitational waves as well. I begin with a brief description of Wheelers influence on this study. One part of the pap
A strong variable gravitational field of the very early Universe inevitably generates relic gravitational waves by amplifying their zero-point quantum oscillations. We begin our discussion by contrasting the concepts of relic gravitational waves and
We derive constraints on the relic abundance of a generic particle of mass $sim~1-10^{14}$ TeV which decays into neutrinos at cosmological epochs, using data from the Frejus and IMB nucleon decay detectors and the Flys Eye air shower array. The lifet
3D printing presents an attractive alternative to visual representation of physical datasets such as astronomical images that can be used for research, outreach or teaching purposes, and is especially relevant to people with a visual disability. We h