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In conventional superconductors, magnetic impurities form an impurity band due to quantum interference of the impurity bound states, leading to suppression of the superconducting transition temperature. Such quantum interference effects can also be expected in d-wave superconductors. Here, we use scanning tunneling microscopy to investigate the effect of multiple non-magnetic impurities on the local electronic structure of the high-temperature superconductor Bi$_{2}$Sr$_{2}$Ca(Cu$_{1-x}$Zn$_{x}$)$_{2}$O$_{8+delta}$. We find several fingerprints of quantum interference of the impurity bound states including: (i) a two-dimensional modulation of local density-of-states with a period of approximately 5.4 AA along the $a$- and $b$-axes, which is indicative of the d-wave superconducting nature of the cuprates; (ii) abrupt spatial variations of the impurity bound state energy; (iii)an appearance of positive energy states; (iv) a split of the impurity bound state. All of these findings provide important insight into how the impurity band in d-wave superconductors is formed.
Using Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), we report the correlation between spatial gap inhomogeneity and the zinc (Zn) impurity resonance in single crystals of Bi$_{mathrm{2}}$Sr$_{mathrm{2}}$Ca(Cu$_{mathrm{1-}x}$Zn$_{x}$)$_{mathrm{2}}$O$_{mathrm
Single atom manipulation within doped correlated electron systems would be highly beneficial to disentangle the influence of dopants, structural defects and crystallographic characteristics on their local electronic states. Unfortunately, their high
A weakening of superconductivity upon substitution of Cu by Zn (0.5~1 %) is observed in a high-T_c cuprate, Ca_{2-x}Na_xCuO2Cl2, near the hole concentration of 1/8 per Cu. The superconducting transition temperature and its volume fraction, estimated
We report muon spin relaxation ($mu$SR) measurements of optimally-doped and overdoped Bi$_{2+x}$Sr$_{2-x}$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+delta}$ (Bi2212) single crystals that reveal the presence of a weak temperature-dependent quasi-static internal magnetic field of
The quantum condensate of Cooper-pairs forming a superconductor was originally conceived to be translationally invariant. In theory, however, pairs can exist with finite momentum $Q$ and thereby generate states with spatially modulating Cooper-pair d