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For packings of hard but not perfectly rigid particles, the length scales that govern the packing geometry and the contact forces are well separated. This separation of length scales is explored in the force network ensemble, where one studies the space of allowed force configurations for a given, frozen contact geometry. Here we review results of this approach, which yields nontrivial predictions for the effect of packing dimension and anisotropy on the contact force distribution $P(f)$, the response to overall shear and point forcing, all of which can be studied in great numerical detail. Moreover, there are emerging analytical approaches that very effectively capture, for example, the form of force distributions.
Using X-ray tomography, we experimentally investigate granular packings subject to mechanical tapping for three types of beads with different friction coefficients. We validate Edwards volume ensemble in these three-dimensional granular systems and e
Hydrated granular packings often crack into discrete clusters of grains when dried. Despite its ubiquity, accurate prediction of cracking remains elusive. Here, we elucidate the previously overlooked role of individual grain shrinkage---a feature com
We report numerical results of effective attractive forces on the packing properties of two-dimensional elongated grains. In deposits of non-cohesive rods in 2D, the topology of the packing is mainly dominated by the formation of ordered structures o
In dense, static, polydisperse granular media under isotropic pressure, the probability density and the correlations of particle-wall contact forces are studied. Furthermore, the probability density functions of the populations of pressures measured
A remarkable feature of static granular matter is the distribution of force along intricate networks. Even regular inter-particle contact networks produce wildly inhomogeneous force networks where certain chains of particles carry forces far larger t