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There are several different methods to determine the individual supernovae (SNe) initial explosion energy, here we derive the average or typical explosion energy of shell-type supernova remnants (SNRs) in a particular way. By solving a group of equations pertaining to shell-type SNRs at the same stage we obtained some physical parameters, e.g. the distance ($d$), evolved age ($t$), etc.. Assuming series of different SN initial explosion energies ranging from $10^{48}$ ergs to $10^{53}$ ergs, we derived series of distance and age parameters with which compared already known ones. Thus the most likely value of the SNe initial explosion energy is obtained when the deviation is least, which equals to about $10^{51}$ ergs, in good agreement with the undertook value.
This Astro2020 white paper advocates for a multi-messenger approach that combines high-energy neutrino and broad multi-wavelength electromagnetic observations to study AGN during the coming decade. The unique capabilities of these joint observations
The aim of this work is to use gamma-ray burst supernovae (GRB-SNe) as cosmological probes to measure the Hubble constant, $H_0$, in the local Universe. In the context of the Expanding Photosphere Method (EPM), I use empirically derived dilution fact
Charge exchange (CX) is a semi-resonant recombination process that can lead to spectral line emission in the X-ray band. It occurs in nearly any environment where hot plasma and cold gas interact: in the solar system, in comets and planetary atmosphe
We present a novel semi-analytic solution describing the propagation of a spherical blast wave driven by a central energy source. The initial density profile has a power-law function of the distance from the center and the energy is injected only int
Airless planetary bodies are covered by a dusty layer called regolith. The grain size of the regolith determines the temperature and the mechanical strength of the surface layers. Thus, knowledge of the grain size of planetary regolith helps to prepa