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We show that stable double-frequency orbits form the backbone of double bars, because they trap around themselves regular orbits, as stable closed periodic orbits do in single bars, and in both cases the trapped orbits occupy similar volume of phase-space. We perform a global search for such stable double-frequency orbits in a model of double bars by constructing maps of trajectories with initial conditions well sampled over the available phase-space. We use the width of a ring sufficient to enclose a given map as the indicator of how tightly the trajectory is trapped around a double-frequency orbit. We construct histograms of these ring widths in order to determine the fraction of phase-space occupied by ordered motions. We build 22 further models of double bars, and we construct histograms showing the fraction of the phase-space occupied by regular orbits in each model. Our models indicate that resonant coupling between the bars may not be the dominant factor reducing chaos in the system.
Bars in galaxies are mainly supported by particles trapped around stable periodic orbits. These orbits represent oscillatory motion with only one frequency, which is the bar driving frequency, and miss free oscillations. We show that a similar situat
The backbone of double bars is made out of double-frequency orbits, and loops, their maps, indicate the bars extent, morphology and dynamics.
The intrinsic photometric properties of inner and outer stellar bars within 17 double-barred galaxies are thoroughly studied through a photometric analysis consisting of: i) two-dimensional multi-component photometric decompositions, and ii) three-di
The dynamics in three-dimensional billiards leads, using a Poincare section, to a four-dimensional map which is challenging to visualize. By means of the recently introduced 3D phase-space slices an intuitive representation of the organization of the
The method to study oscillating potentials of double bars, based on invariant loops, is introduced here in a new way, intended to be more intelligible. Using this method, I show how the orbital structure of a double-barred galaxy (nested bars) change