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The $K^-$ optical potential in the nuclear medium is evaluated self consistently from a free-space $K^-N$ $t$ matrix constructed within a coupled-channel chiral approach to the low-energy $bar K N$ data. The chiral-model parameters are fitted to a select subset of the low-energy data {it plus} the $K^-$ atomic data throughout the periodic table. The resulting attractive $K^-$ optical potentials are relatively `shallow, with central depth of the real part about 55 MeV, for a fairly reasonable reproduction of the atomic data with $chi^2 / N approx 2.2$. Relatively `deep attractive potentials of depth about 180 MeV, which result in other phenomenological approaches with $chi^2 / N approx 1.5$, are ruled out within chirally motivated models. Different physical data input is required to distinguish between shallow and deep $K^-$ optical potentials. The ($K^{-}_{rm stop},pi$) reaction could provide such a test, with exclusive rates differing by over a factor of three for the two classes of potentials. Finally, forward ($K^-,p$) differential cross sections for the production of relatively narrow deeply bound $K^-$ {it nuclear} states are evaluated for deep $K^-$ optical potentials, yielding values considerably lower than those estimated before.
Background. One important ingredient for many applications of nuclear physics to astrophysics, nuclear energy, and stockpile stewardship are cross sections for reactions of neutrons with rare isotopes. Since direct measurements are often not feasible
An important ingredient for applications of nuclear physics to e.g. astrophysics or nuclear energy are the cross sections for reactions of neutrons with rare isotopes. Since direct measurements are often not possible, indirect methods like $(d,p)$ re
The recent works by the present authors predicted that the real part of heavy-ion optical potentials changes its character from attraction to repulsion around the incident energy per nucleon E/A = 200 - 300 MeV on the basis of the complex G-matrix in
The comparison of $K^+$ and $K^-$ spectra at low transverse momentum in light symmetric heavy ion reactions at energies around 2 AGeV allows for a direct experimental determination of the strength of the $K^+$ as well as of t he $K^-$ nucleus potenti
We aim to show that K+ and K- spectra at low transverse momentum measured in light symmetric systems at around 2AGeV depend strongly on the K potential. The ratio of the spectra can allow therefore for a direct determination of the strength of the K+