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We investigate the charm sector of the nucleon structure phenomenologically, using the most up-to-date global QCD analysis. Going beyond the common assumption of purely radiatively generated charm, we explore possible degrees of freedom in the parton parameter space associated with nonperturbative (intrinsic) charm in the nucleon. Specifically, we explore the limits that can be placed on the intrinsic charm (IC) component, using all relevant hard-scattering data, according to scenarios in which the IC has a form predicted by light-cone wave function models; or a form similar to the light sea-quark distributions. We find that the range of IC is constrained to be from zero (no IC) to a level 2--3 times larger than previous model estimates. The behaviors of typical charm distributions within this range are described, and their implications for hadron collider phenomenology are briefly discussed.
We demonstrate that to a very good approximation the scale-evolution of the intrinsic heavy quark content of the nucleon is governed by non-singlet evolution equations. This allows us to analyze the intrinsic heavy quark distributions without having
Polarized parton distribution functions are determined by using world data from the longitudinally polarized deep inelastic scattering experiments. A new parametrization of the parton distribution functions is adopted by taking into account the posit
A new and simple statistical approach is performed to calculate the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the nucleon in terms of light-front kinematic variables. We do not put in any extra arbitrary parameter or corrected term by hand, which guara
The NuTeV experiment uses neutrino deep-inelastic scattering from separate neutrino and anti-neutrino beams to study the structure of the nucleon. Charged-current production of charm is sensitive to the strange content of the nucleon while neutral-cu
We demonstrate that perturbative QCD leads to positive 3D parton--parton correlations inside nucleon explaining a factor two enhancement of the cross section of multi-parton interactions observed at Tevatron at $x_ige 0.01$ as compared to the predict