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تسجيل مستخدم جديدThe liquid Argon TPC: a powerful detector for future neutrino experiments and proton decay searches
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We discuss the possibility of new generation neutrino and astroparticle physics experiments exploiting the liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC) technique, following a graded strategy that envisions applications with increasing detector masses (from 100 ton to 100 kton). The ICARUS R&D program has already demonstrated that the technology is mature with the test of the T600 detector at surface. Since 2003 we have been working with the conceptual design of a very large LAr TPC with a mass of 50-100 kton to be built by employing a monolithic technology based on the use of industrial, large volume, cryogenic tankers developed by the petro-chemical industry. Such a detector, if realized, would be an ideal match for a Super Beam, Beta Beam or Neutrino Factory, covering a broad physics program that includes the detection of atmospheric, solar and supernova neutrinos, and searches for proton decay, in addition to the rich accelerator neutrino physics program. A test module with a mass of the order of 10 kton operated underground or at shallow depth would represent a necessary milestone towards the realization of the 100 kton detector, with an interesting physics program on its own. In parallel, physics is calling for a shorter scale application of the LAr TPC technique at the level of 100 ton mass, for low energy neutrino physics and for use as a near station setup in future long baseline neutrino facilities. We outline here the main physics objectives and the design of such a detector for operation in the upcoming T2K neutrino beam. We finally present the result of a series of R&D studies conducted with the aim of validating the design of the proposed detectors.
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In this paper, we consider the physics performance of a single far detector composed of a 100 kton next generation Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC) possibly located at shallow depth, coupled to the J-PARC neutrino beam facility with a r
ealistic 1.66 MW operation of the Main Ring. The new far detector could be located in the region of Okinoshima islands (baseline $Lsim 658$ km). Our emphasis is based on the measurement of the $theta_{13}$ and $delta_{CP}$ parameters, possibly following indications for a non-vanishing $theta_{13}$ in T2K, and relies on the opportunity offered by the LAr TPC to reconstruct the incoming neutrino energy with high precision compared to other large detector technologies. We mention other possible baselines like for example J-PARC-Kamioka (baseline $Lsim 295$ km), or J-PARC-Eastern Korean coast (baseline $Lsim 1025$ km). Such a detector would also further explore the existence of proton decays.
We outline a strategy for future experiments on neutrino and astroparticle physics based on the use, at different detector mass scales (100 ton and 100 kton), of the liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC) technique. The LAr TPC technology has
great potentials for both cases with large degree of interplay between the two applications and a strong synergy. The ICARUS R&D programme has demonstrated that the technology is mature and that one can built a large ($sim$ 1 kton) LAr TPC. We believe that one can conceive and design a very large mass LAr TPC with a mass of 100 kton by employing a monolithic technology based on the use of industrial, large volume cryogenic tankers developed by the petro-chemical industry. We show a potential implementation of a large LAr TPC detector. Such a detector would be an ideal match for a Superbeam, Betabeam or Neutrino Factory, covering a broad physics program that could include the detection of atmospheric, solar and supernova neutrinos, and search for proton decays, in addition to the rich accelerator neutrino physics program. In parallel, physics is calling for another application of the LAr TPC technique at the level of 100 ton mass, for low energy neutrino physics and for use as a near station setup in future long baseline neutrino facilities. We present here the main physics objectives and outline the conceptual design of such a detector.
Neutrinos are particles that interact rarely, so identifying them requires large detectors which produce lots of data. Processing this data with the computing power available is becoming more difficult as the detectors increase in size to reach their
physics goals. In liquid argon time projection chambers (TPCs) the charged particles from neutrino interactions produce ionization electrons which drift in an electric field towards a series of collection wires, and the signal on the wires is used to reconstruct the interaction. The MicroBooNE detector currently collecting data at Fermilab has 8000 wires, and planned future experiments like DUNE will have 100 times more, which means that the time required to reconstruct an event will scale accordingly. Modernization of liquid argon TPC reconstruction code, including vectorization, parallelization and code portability to GPUs, will help to mitigate these challenges. The liquid argon TPC hit finding algorithm within the texttt{LArSoft}xspace framework used across multiple experiments has been vectorized and parallelized. This increases the speed of the algorithm on the order of ten times within a standalone version on Intel architectures. This new version has been incorporated back into texttt{LArSoft}xspace so that it can be generally used. These methods will also be applied to other low-level reconstruction algorithms of the wire signals such as the deconvolution. The applications and performance of this modernized liquid argon TPC wire reconstruction will be presented.
Past and current direct neutrino mass experiments set limits on the so-called effective neutrino mass, which is an incoherent sum of neutrino masses and lepton mixing matrix elements. The electron energy spectrum which neglects the relativistic and n
uclear recoil effects is often assumed. Alternative definitions of effective masses exist, and an exact relativistic spectrum is calculable. We quantitatively compare the validity of those different approximations as function of energy resolution and exposure in view of tritium beta decays in the KATRIN, Project 8 and PTOLEMY experiments. Furthermore, adopting the Bayesian approach, we present the posterior distributions of the effective neutrino mass by including current experimental information from neutrino oscillations, beta decay, neutrinoless double-beta decay and cosmological observations. Both linear and logarithmic priors for the smallest neutrino mass are assumed.
This work presents an upper bound on the neutrino mass using the emission of $ u_e$ from the neutronization burst of a core collapsing supernova at 10~kpc of distance and a progenitor star of 15~M$_odot$. The calculations were done considering a 34 k
ton Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber similar to the Far Detector proposal of the Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE). We have performed a Monte Carlo simulation for the number of events integrated in 5~ms bins. Our results are $m_ u<2.71$~eV and $0.18~mbox{eV}<m_ u<1.70$~eV, at 95% C.L, assuming normal hierarchy and inverted hierarchy, respectively. We have analysed different configurations for the detector performance resulting in neutrino mass bound of $mathcal{O}(1)$~eV.
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