We apply the Hybrid Monte Carlo method to the simulation of overlap fermions. We give the fermionic force for the molecular dynamics update. We present early results on a small dynamical chiral ensemble.
We present results of a hybrid Monte-Carlo algorithm for dynamical, $n_f=2$, four-dimensional QCD with overlap fermions. The fermionic force requires careful treatment, when changing topological sectors. The pion mass dependence of the topological su
sceptibility is studied on $6^4$ and $12cdot 6^3$ lattices. The results are transformed into physical units.
We show how to improve the molecular dynamics step of Hybrid Monte Carlo, both by tuning the integrator using Poisson brackets measurements and by the use of force gradient integrators. We present results for moderate lattice sizes.
We present simulation results for the 2-flavour Schwinger model with dynamical overlap fermions. In particular we apply the overlap hypercube operator at seven light fermion masses. In each case we collect sizable statistics in the topological sector
s 0 and 1. Since the chiral condensate Sigma vanishes in the chiral limit, we observe densities for the microscopic Dirac spectrum, which have not been addressed yet by Random Matrix Theory (RMT). Nevertheless, by confronting the averages of the lowest eigenvalues in different topological sectors with chiral RMT in unitary ensemble we obtain -- for the very light fermion masses -- values for Sigma that follow closely the analytical predictions in the continuum.
I summarize the physics results obtained from large-scale dynamical overlap fermion simulations by the JLQCD and TWQCD collaborations. The numerical simulations are performed at a fixed global topological sector; the physics results in the theta-vacu
um is reconstructed by correcting the finite volume effect, for which the measurement of the topological susceptibility is crucial. Physics applications we studied so far include a calculation of chiral condensate, pion mass, decay constant, form factors, as well as (vector and axial-vector) vacuum polarization functions and nucleon sigma term.
We discuss how the integrators used for the Hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) algorithm not only approximately conserve some Hamiltonian $H$ but exactly conserve a nearby shadow Hamiltonian (tilde H), and how the difference $Delta H equiv tilde H - H $ may be
expressed as an expansion in Poisson brackets. By measuring average values of these Poisson brackets over the equilibrium distribution $propto e^{-H}$ generated by HMC we can find the optimal integrator parameters from a single simulation. We show that a good way of doing this in practice is to minimize the variance of $Delta H$ rather than its magnitude, as has been previously suggested. Some details of how to compute Poisson brackets for gauge and fermion fields, and for nested and force gradient integrators are also presented.