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The free energy and other thermodynamic properties of hexagonal-close-packed iron are calculated by direct {em ab initio} methods over a wide range of pressures and temperatures relevant to the Earths core. The {em ab initio} calculations are based on density-functional theory in the generalised-gradient approximation, and are performed using the projector augmented wave (PAW) approach. Thermal excitation of electrons is fully included. The Helmholtz free energy consists of three parts, associated with the rigid perfect lattice, harmonic lattice vibrations, and anharmonic contributions, and the technical problems of calculating these parts to high precision are investigated. The harmonic part is obtained by computing the phonon frequencies over the entire Brillouin zone, and by summation of the free-energy contributions associated with the phonon modes. The anharmonic part is computed by the technique of thermodynamic integration using carefully designed reference systems. Detailed results are presented for the pressure, specific heat, bulk modulus, expansion coefficient and Gr{u}neisen parameter, and comparisons are made with values obtained from diamond-anvil-cell and shock experiments.
{em Ab initio} techniques based on density functional theory in the projector-augmented-wave implementation are used to calculate the free energy and a range of other thermodynamic properties of liquid iron at high pressures and temperatures relevant
Bulk, shear, and compressional aggregate sound velocities of hydrogen and helium in the close- packed hexagonal structure are calculated over a wide pressure range using two complementary approaches: semi-empirical lattice dynamics based on the many-
The Earth acts as a gigantic heat engine driven by decay of radiogenic isotopes and slow cooling, which gives rise to plate tectonics, volcanoes, and mountain building. Another key product is the geomagnetic field, generated in the liquid iron core b
The transport properties of iron under Earths inner core conditions are essential input for the geophysical modelling but are poorly constrained experimentally. Here we show that the thermal and electrical conductivity of iron at those conditions rem
We employ state-of-the-art ab initio simulations within the dynamical mean-field theory to study three likely phases of iron (hexogonal close-packed, hcp, face centered cubic, fcc, and body centered cubic, bcc) at the Earths core conditions. We demon