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This paper overviews the behavior of the end-chain spins of linear chain systems possessing a Haldane gap. The physical properties of the end-chain spins are described by reviewing the results obtained primarily with materials known as NENP, Ni(C2H8N2)2NO2(ClO4), and NINAZ, Ni(C3H10N2)2N3(ClO4).
Inelastic neutron scattering was used to probe edge states in a quantum spin liquid. The experiment was performed on finite length antiferromagnetic spin-1 chains in Y_2BaNi_{1-x}Mg_xO_5. At finite fields, there is a Zeeman resonance below the Haldan
We use extensive DMRG calculations to show that a classification of SU(n) spin chains with regard to the existence of spinon confinement and hence a Haldane gap obtained previously for valence bond solid models applies to SU(n) Heisenberg chains as w
We report the magnetic, heat-capacity, dielectric and magnetodielectric (MDE) behaviour of a Haldane spin-chain compound containing light rare-earth ion, Nd2BaNiO5, in detail, as a function of temperature (T) and magnetic field (H) down to 2 K. In ad
We report experimental and theoretical evidence that Rb$_2$Cu$_2$Mo$_3$O$_{12}$ has a nonmagnetic tetramer ground state of a two-leg ladder comprising antiferromagnetically coupled frustrated spin-$1/2$ chains and exhibits a Haldane spin gap of emerg
We consider the one-dimensional spin chain for arbitrary spin $s$ on a periodic chain with $N$ sites, the generalization of the chain that was studied by Blume and Capel cite{bc}: $$H=sum_{i=1}^N left(a (S^z_i)^2+ b S^z_iS^z_{i+1}right).$$ The Hamilt