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We review uses of the generalized-ensemble algorithms for free-energy calculations in protein folding. Two of the well-known methods are multicanonical algorithm and replica-exchange method; the latter is also referred to as parallel tempering. We present a new generalized-ensemble algorithm that combines the merits of the two methods; it is referred to as the replica-exchange multicanonical algorithm. We also give a multidimensional extension of the replica-exchange method. Its realization as an umbrella sampling method, which we refer to as the replica-exchange umbrella sampling, is a powerful algorithm that can give free energy in wide reaction coordinate space.
We present generalized-ensemble algorithms for isobaric-isothermal molecular simulations. In addition to the multibaric-multithermal algorithm and replica-exchange method for the isobaric-isothermal ensemble, which have already been proposed, we prop
In complex systems such as spin systems and protein systems, conventional simulations in the canonical ensemble will get trapped in states of energy local minima. We employ the generalized-ensemble algorithms in order to overcome this multiple-minima
The microcanonical analysis is shown to be a powerful tool to characterize the protein folding transition and to neatly distinguish between good and bad folders. An off-lattice model with parameter chosen to represent polymers of these two types is u
Searching for characteristic signatures of a higher order phase transition (specifically of order three or four), we have calculated the spatial profiles and the energies of a spatially varying order parameter in one dimension. In the case of a $p^{t