ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
We investigate the efficiency of galactic mass loss, triggered by ram-pressure stripping and galactic winds of cluster galaxies, on the chemical enrichment of the intra-cluster medium (ICM). We combine N-body and hydrodynamic simulations with a semi-numerical galaxy formation model. By including simultaneously different enrichment processes, namely ram-pressure stripping and galactic winds, in galaxy-cluster simulations, we are able to reproduce the observed metal distribution in the ICM. We find that the mass loss by galactic winds in the redshift regime z>2 is ~10% to 20% of the total galactic wind mass loss, whereas the mass loss by ram-pressure stripping in the same epoch is up to 5% of the total ram-pressure stripping mass loss over the whole simulation time. In the cluster formation epochs z<2 ram-pressure stripping becomes more dominant than galactic winds. We discuss the non-correlation between the evolution of the mean metallicity of galaxy clusters and the galactic mass losses. For comparison with observations we present two dimensional maps of the ICM quantities and radial metallicity profiles. The shape of the observed profiles is well reproduced by the simulations in the case of merging systems. In the case of cool-core clusters the slope of the observed profiles are reproduced by the simulation at radii below ~300 kpc, whereas at larger radii the observed profiles are shallower. We confirm the inhomogeneous metal distribution in the ICM found in observations. To study the robustness of our results, we investigate two different descriptions for the enrichment process interaction.
We present numerical simulations of galaxy clusters which include interaction processes between the galaxies and the intra-cluster gas. The considered interaction processes are galactic winds and ram-pressure stripping, which both transfer metal-enri
We present numerical simulations of the dynamical and chemical evolution of galaxy clusters. X-ray spectra show that the intra-cluster medium contains a significant amount of metals. As heavy elements are produced in the stars of galaxies material fr
We investigate the efficiency and time-dependence of thermally and cosmic ray driven galactic winds for the metal enrichment of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) using a new analytical approximation for the mass outflow. The spatial distribution of the
We have performed a series of N-body/hydrodynamical (TreeSPH) simulations of clusters and groups of galaxies, selected from cosmological N-body simulations within a $Lambda$CDM framework: these objects have been re-simulated at higher resolution to $
The distribution of metals in the intra-cluster medium encodes important information about the enrichment history and formation of galaxy clusters. Here we explore the metal content of clusters in IllustrisTNG - a new suite of galaxy formation simula