اشترك بالحزمة الذهبية واحصل على وصول غير محدود شمرا أكاديميا
تسجيل مستخدم جديدElectromagnetic Outflows and GRBs
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We study the dynamics of relativistic electromagnetic explosions as a possible mechanism for the production of Gamma-Ray Bursts. We propose that a rotating relativistic stellar-mass progenitor loses much of its spin energy in the form of an electromagnetically-dominated outflow. After the flow becomes optically thin, it forms a relativistically expanding, non-spherically symmetric magnetic bubble - a cold fireball. We analyze the structure and dynamics of such a cavity in the force-free approximation. During relativistic expansion, most of the magnetic energy in the bubble is concentrated in a thin shell near its surface (contact discontinuity). We suggest that either the polar current or the shell currents become unstable to electromagnetic instabilities at a radius $sim10^{16}$ cm. This leads to acceleration of pairs and causes the $gamma$-ray emission. At a radius $sim10^{17}$ cm, the momentum contained in the electromagnetic shell will have been largely transferred to the surrounding blast wave propagating into the circumstellar medium. Particles accelerated at the fluid shock may combine with electromagnetic field from the electromagnetic shell to produce the afterglow emission.
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flux during an active period lasting $sim 100$ s. Initially, a non-spherically symmetric, electromagnetically-dominated bubble expands non-relativistically inside the star, most rapidly along the rotational axis of the progenitor. After the bubble breaks out from the stellar surface and most of the electron-positron pairs annihilate, the bubble expansion becomes highly relativistic. After the end of the source activity most of the electromagnetic energy is concentrated in a thin shell inside the contact discontinuity between the ejecta and the shocked circumstellar material. This electromagnetic shell pushes a relativistic blast wave into the circumstellar medium. Current-driven instabilities develop in this shell at a radius $sim3times10^{16}$ cm and lead to dissipation of magnetic field and acceleration of pairs which are responsible for the $gamma$-ray burst. At larger radii, the energy contained in the electromagnetic shell is mostly transferred to the preceding blast wave. Particles accelerated at the forward shock may combine with electromagnetic field from the electromagnetic shell to produce the afterglow emission.
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