ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
Recent observational advances have considerably improved the cosmological tests, adding to the lines of evidence, and showing that some issues under discussion just a few years ago may now be considered resolved or irrelevant. Other issues remain, however, and await resolution before the great program of testing the relativistic Friedmann-Lemaitre model, that commenced in the 1930s, may at last be considered complete.
Modifications of general relativity provide an alternative explanation to dark energy for the observed acceleration of the universe. We review recent developments in modified gravity theories, focusing on higher dimensional approaches and chameleon/f
Modifications to gravity can provide attractive alternatives to the dark components of the standard model of cosmology. These modifications to general relativity (GR) must be hidden at small scales where theory is well tested, and so one naturally lo
The standard concordance model of the Universe is based on the cosmological constant as the driver of accelerating expansion. This concordance model is being subjected to a growing range of inter-locking observations. In addition to using generic obs
The case for a flat Cold Dark Matter model with a positive cosmological constant $Lambda$ has been recently strongly advocated by some theoreticians. In this paper we give the observers point of view to the light of the most recent observations with
Cosmological expansion on a local scale is usually neglected in part due to its smallness, and in part due to components of bound systems (especially those bound by non-gravitational forces such as atoms and nuclei) not following the geodesics of the