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Modifications to gravity can provide attractive alternatives to the dark components of the standard model of cosmology. These modifications to general relativity (GR) must be hidden at small scales where theory is well tested, and so one naturally looks to the large scales in order to detect any deviations from GR. One particularly promising avenue in testing gravity at cosmological scales is within the anisotropy of galaxy clustering in redshift space. This thesis presents a framework for consistently constructing large scale structure observables in redshift space for gravitational theories that include an additional scalar degree of freedom, specifically, the Horndeski class of theories with a generalized potential term. The relevance of such a framework in the context of next generation spectroscopic surveys is then investigated using N-body simulations. The thesis concludes with ongoing and recently completed extensions to this framework, including interacting dark energy models and the effective field theory of large scale structure.
Modifications of general relativity provide an alternative explanation to dark energy for the observed acceleration of the universe. We review recent developments in modified gravity theories, focusing on higher dimensional approaches and chameleon/f
Changes in the law of gravity have far-reaching implications for the formation and evolution of galaxy clusters, and appear as peculiar signatures in their mass-observable relations, structural properties, internal dynamics, and abundance. We review
In modified gravity theories that seek to explain cosmic acceleration, dwarf galaxies in low density environments can be subject to enhanced forces. The class of scalar-tensor theories, which includes f(R) gravity, predict such a force enhancement (m
The standard concordance model of the Universe is based on the cosmological constant as the driver of accelerating expansion. This concordance model is being subjected to a growing range of inter-locking observations. In addition to using generic obs
Inspired by the string axiverse idea, it has been suggested that the recent transition from decelerated to accelerated cosmic expansion is driven by an axion-like quintessence field with a sub-Planckian decay constant. The scenario requires that the