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We analyze cooling of neutron stars, assuming the presence of localized protons in the densest region of their cores. Choosing a single threshold density for proton localization and adjusting neutron star mass, we reproduce the observational data on effective surface temperatures of Vela and PSR 0656+14, with or without an accreted hydrogen envelope. However, the presence of a tiny hydrogen envelope is mandatory, in this model, for reproducing the Geminga data.
We study thermal structure and evolution of magnetars as cooling neutron stars with a phenomenological heat source in a spherical internal layer. We explore the location of this layer as well as the heating rate that could explain high observable the
Observations of thermal radiation from neutron stars can potentially provide information about the states of supranuclear matter in the interiors of these stars with the aid of the theory of neutron-star thermal evolution. We review the basics of thi
We study the minimal cooling scenario of superfluid neutron stars with nucleon cores, where the direct Urca process is forbidden and the enhanced cooling is produced by the neutrino emission due to Cooper pairing of neutrons. Extending our previous c
We present models of temperature distribution in the crust of a neutron star in the presence of a strong toroidal component superposed to the poloidal component of the magnetic field. The presence of such a toroidal field hinders heat flow toward the
Context: Many thermally emitting isolated neutron stars have magnetic fields larger than 10^13 G. A realistic cooling model that includes the presence of high magnetic fields should be reconsidered. Aims: We investigate the effects of anisotropic tem