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Traditional visible light positioning (VLP) systems estimate receivers coordinates based on the known light-emitting diode (LED) coordinates. However, the LED coordinates are not always known accurately. Because of the structural changes of the buildings due to temperature, humidity or material aging, even measured by highly accurate laser range finders, the LED coordinates may change unpredictably. In this paper, we propose an easy and low-cost method to update the position information of the LEDs. We use two optical angle-of-arrival (AOA) estimators to detect the beam directions of the LEDs. Each AOA estimator has four differently oriented photodiodes (PDs). Considering the additive noises of the PDs, we derive the closed-form error expression for the proposed LED coordinates estimator. Both analytical and Monte Carlo experimental results show that the layout of the AOA estimators could affect the estimation error. These results may provide intuitive insights for the design of the optical indoor positioning systems.
Terahertz (THz) communication is now being considered as one of possible technologies for the sixth generation (6G) wireless communication systems. In this paper, a novel three-dimensional (3D) space-time-frequency non-stationary theoretical channel
Safety and automatic control are extremely important when operating manipulators. For large engineering manipulators, the main challenge is to accurately recognize the posture of all arm segments. In classical sensing methods, the accuracy of an incl
This letter studies an unmanned aerial vehicle-enabled wireless power transfer system within a radio-map-based robust positioning design.
The inclinations of exoplanets detected via radial velocity method are essentially unknown. We aim to provide estimations of the ranges of mutual inclinations that are compatible with the long-term stability of the system. Focusing on the skeleton of
Millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system for the fifth generation (5G) cellular communications can also enable single-anchor positioning and object tracking due to its large bandwidth and inherently high angular resolutio