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Identifying the hidden organizational principles and relevant structures of networks representing complex physical systems is fundamental to understand their properties. To this aim, uncovering the structures involving a networks prominent nodes in a network is an effective approach. In temporal networks, the simultaneity of connections is crucial for temporally stable structures to arise. We thus propose here a novel measure to quantitatively investigate the tendency of well connected nodes to form simultaneous and stable structures in a temporal network. We refer to this tendency, when observed, as the temporal rich club phenomenon. We illustrate the interest of this concept by analyzing diverse data sets under this lens, and showing how it enables a new perspective on their temporal patterns, from the role of cohesive structures in relation to processes unfolding on top of the network to the study of specific moments of interest in the evolution of the network.
For many complex networks present in nature only a single instance, usually of large size, is available. Any measurement made on this single instance cannot be repeated on different realizations. In order to detect significant patterns in a real--wor
Rich-club ordering and the dyadic effect are two phenomena observed in complex networks that are based on the presence of certain substructures composed of specific nodes. Rich-club ordering represents the tendency of highly connected and important e
Core-periphery networks are structures that present a set of central and densely connected nodes, namely the core, and a set of non-central and sparsely connected nodes, namely the periphery. The rich-club refers to a set in which the highest degree
The study of the weak-ties phenomenon has a long and well documented history, research into the application of this social phenomenon has recently attracted increasing attention. However, further exploration of the reasons behind the weak-ties phenom
In our model, $n$ traders interact with each other and with a central bank; they are taxed on the money they make, some of which is dissipated away by corruption. A generic feature of our model is that the richest trader always wins by consuming all