The extending structures and unified products for Malcev algebras are developed. Some special cases of unified products such as crossed products and matched pair of Malcev algebras are studied. It is proved that the extending structures can be classified by some non-abelian cohomology theory. One dimensional flag extending structures of Malcev algebras are also investigated.
Nonassociative structures have appeared in the study of D-branes in curved backgrounds. In recent work, string theory backgrounds involving three-form fluxes, where such structures show up, have been studied in more detail. We point out that under ce
rtain assumptions these nonassociative structures coincide with nonassociative Malcev algebras which had appeared in the quantum mechanics of systems with non-vanishing three-cocycles, such as a point particle moving in the field of a magnetic charge. We generalize the corresponding Malcev algebras to include electric as well as magnetic charges. These structures find their classical counterpart in the theory of Poisson-Malcev algebras and their generalizations. We also study their connection to Stueckelbergs generalized Poisson brackets that do not obey the Jacobi identity and point out that nonassociative string theory with a fundamental length corresponds to a realization of his goal to find a non-linear extension of quantum mechanics with a fundamental length. Similar nonassociative structures are also known to appear in the cubic formulation of closed string field theory in terms of open string fields, leading us to conjecture a natural string-field theoretic generalization of the AdS/CFT-like (holographic) duality.
The zeta function of an integral lattice $Lambda$ is the generating function $zeta_{Lambda}(s) = sumlimits_{n=0}^{infty} a_n n^{-s}$, whose coefficients count the number of left ideals of $Lambda$ of index $n$. We derive a formula for the zeta functi
on of $Lambda_1 otimes Lambda_2$, where $Lambda_1$ and $Lambda_2$ are $mathbb{Z}$-orders contained in finite-dimensional semisimple $mathbb{Q}$-algebras that satisfy a locally coprime condition. We apply the formula obtained above to $mathbb{Z}S otimes mathbb{Z}T$ and obtain the zeta function of the adjacency algebra of the direct product of two finite association schemes $(X,S)$ and $(Y,T)$ in several cases where the $mathbb{Z}$-orders $mathbb{Z}S$ and $mathbb{Z}T$ are locally coprime and their zeta functions are known.
In this paper, by using the Composition-Diamond lemma for non-associative algebras invented by A. I. Shirshov in 1962, we give Gr{o}bner-Shirshov bases for free Pre-Lie algebras and the universal enveloping non-associative algebra of an Akivis algebr
a, respectively. As applications, we show I.P. Shestakovs result that any Akivis algebra is linear and D. Segals result that the set of all good words in $X^{**}$ forms a linear basis of the free Pre-Lie algebra $PLie(X)$ generated by the set $X$. For completeness, we give the details of the proof of Shirshovs Composition-Diamond lemma for non-associative algebras.
We develop a theory of parafree augmented algebras similar to the theory of parafree groups and explore some questions related to the Parafree Conjecture. We provide an example of finitely generated parafree augmented algebra of infinite cohomologica
l dimension. Motivated by this example, we prove a version of the Composition-Diamond lemma for complete augmented algebras and provide a sufficient condition for augmented algebra to be residually nilpotent on the language of its relations.
Comtrans algebras, arising in web geometry, have two trilinear operations, commutator and translator. We determine a Grobner basis for the comtrans operad, and state a conjecture on its dimension formula. We study multilinear polynomial identities fo
r the special commutator $[x,y,z] = xyz-yxz$ and special translator $langle x, y, z rangle = xyz-yzx$ in associative triple systems. In degree 3, the defining identities for comtrans algebras generate all identities. In degree 5, we simplify known identities for each operation and determine new identities relating the operations. In degree 7, we use representation theory of the symmetric group to show that each operation satisfies identities which do not follow from those of lower degree but there are no new identities relating the operations. We use noncommutative Grobner bases to construct the universal associative envelope for the special comtrans algebra of $2 times 2$ matrices.