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Background: Maintaining a healthy diet is vital to avoid health-related issues, e.g., undernutrition, obesity and many non-communicable diseases. An indispensable part of the health diet is dietary assessment. Traditional manual recording methods are burdensome and contain substantial biases and errors. Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence, especially computer vision technologies, have made it possible to develop automatic dietary assessment solutions, which are more convenient, less time-consuming and even more accurate to monitor daily food intake. Scope and approach: This review presents one unified Vision-Based Dietary Assessment (VBDA) framework, which generally consists of three stages: food image analysis, volume estimation and nutrient derivation. Vision-based food analysis methods, including food recognition, detection and segmentation, are systematically summarized, and methods of volume estimation and nutrient derivation are also given. The prosperity of deep learning makes VBDA gradually move to an end-to-end implementation, which applies food images to a single network to directly estimate the nutrition. The recently proposed end-to-end methods are also discussed. We further analyze existing dietary assessment datasets, indicating that one large-scale benchmark is urgently needed, and finally highlight key challenges and future trends for VBDA. Key findings and conclusions: After thorough exploration, we find that multi-task end-to-end deep learning approaches are one important trend of VBDA. Despite considerable research progress, many challenges remain for VBDA due to the meal complexity. We also provide the latest ideas for future development of VBDA, e.g., fine-grained food analysis and accurate volume estimation. This survey aims to encourage researchers to propose more practical solutions for VBDA.
Image-based dietary assessment refers to the process of determining what someone eats and how much energy and nutrients are consumed from visual data. Food classification is the first and most crucial step. Existing methods focus on improving accurac
Deep learning based methods have achieved impressive results in many applications for image-based diet assessment such as food classification and food portion size estimation. However, existing methods only focus on one task at a time, making it diff
Food volume estimation is an essential step in the pipeline of dietary assessment and demands the precise depth estimation of the food surface and table plane. Existing methods based on computer vision require either multi-image input or additional d
As the senior population rapidly increases, it is challenging yet crucial to provide effective long-term care for seniors who live at home or in senior care facilities. Smart senior homes, which have gained widespread interest in the healthcare commu
Understanding the nutritional content of food from visual data is a challenging computer vision problem, with the potential to have a positive and widespread impact on public health. Studies in this area are limited to existing datasets in the field