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In order to develop systems capable of artificial evolution, we need to identify which systems can produce complex behavior. We present a novel classification method applicable to any class of deterministic discrete space and time dynamical systems. The method is based on classifying the asymptotic behavior of the average computation time in a given system before entering a loop. We were able to identify a critical region of behavior that corresponds to a phase transition from ordered behavior to chaos across various classes of dynamical systems. To show that our approach can be applied to many different computational systems, we demonstrate the results of classifying cellular automata, Turing machines, and random Boolean networks. Further, we use this method to classify 2D cellular automata to automatically find those with interesting, complex dynamics. We believe that our work can be used to design systems in which complex structures emerge. Also, it can be used to compare vario
In order to develop systems capable of modeling artificial life, we need to identify, which systems can produce complex behavior. We present a novel classification method applicable to any class of deterministic discrete space and time dynamical syst
We study two coupled discrete-time equations with different (asynchronous) periodic time scales. The coupling is of the type sample and hold, i.e., the state of each equation is sampled at its update times and held until it is read as an input at the
In order to more effectively cope with the real-world problems of vagueness, {it fuzzy discrete event systems} (FDESs) were proposed recently, and the supervisory control theory of FDESs was developed. In view of the importance of failure diagnosis,
We show how singularities shape the evolution of rational discrete dynamical systems. The stabilisation of the form of the iterates suggests a description providing among other things generalised Hirota form, exact evaluation of the algebraic entropy
Evolutionary games on graphs play an important role in the study of evolution of cooperation in applied biology. Using rigorous mathematical concepts from a dynamical systems and graph theoretical point of view, we formalize the notions of attractor,