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تسجيل مستخدم جديدPhase competition and negative piezoelectricity in interlayer-sliding ferroelectric ZrI$_2$
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The so-called interlayer-sliding ferroelectricity was recently proposed as an unconventional route to pursuit electric polarity in van der Waals multi-layers, which was already experimentally confirmed in WTe$_2$ bilayer even though it is metallic. Very recently, another van der Waals system, i.e., the ZrI$_2$ bilayer, was predicted to exhibit the interlayer-sliding ferroelectricity with both in-plane and out-of-plane polarizations [Phys. Rev. B textbf{103}, 165420 (2021)]. Here the ZrI$_2$ bulk is studied, which owns two competitive phases ($alpha$ textit{vs} $beta$), both of which are derived from the common parent $s$-phase. The $beta$-ZrI$_2$ owns a considerable out-of-plane polarization ($0.39$ $mu$C/cm$^2$), while its in-plane component is fully compensated. Their proximate energies provide the opportunity to tune the ground state phase by moderate hydrostatic pressure and uniaxial strain. Furthermore, the negative longitudinal piezoelectricity in $beta$-ZrI$_2$ is dominantly contributed by the enhanced dipole of ZrI$_2$ layers as a unique characteristic of interlayer-sliding ferroelectricity, which is different from many other layered ferroelectrics with negative longitudinal piezoelectricity like CuInP$_2$S$_6$.
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