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An analysis of the source position differences between VLBI-based ICRF and $Gaia$-CRF catalogues is a key step in assessing their systematic errors and determining their mutual orientation. One of the main factors that limits the accuracy of determination of the orientation parameters between two frames is the impact of outliers. To mitigate this effect, a new method is proposed based on pixelization data over the equal-area cells, followed by median filtering of the data in each cell. After this, a new data set is formed, consisting of data points near-uniformly distributed over the sphere. The vector spherical harmonics (VSH) decomposition is then applied to this data to finally compute the orientation parameters between ICRF and $Gaia$ frames. To validate the proposed approach, a comparison was made of the ICRF3-SX and $Gaia$~DR2 catalogues using several methods for outliers removal. The results of this work showed that the proposed method is practically insensitive to outliers and thus provides much more robust results of catalogues comparison than the methods used so far. This conclusion was confirmed by analogous test comparison of the $Gaia$~DR2 and OCARS catalogues.
The current state of the link problem between radio and optical celestial reference frames is considered. The main objectives of the investigations in this direction during the next few years are the preparation of a comparison and the mutual orienta
In this paper we outline several problems related to the realization of the international celestial and terrestrial reference frames ICRF and ITRF at the millimeter level of accuracy, with emphasis on ICRF issues. The main topics considered are: anal
The link problem between radio (VLBI/ICRF) and optical (Gaia/GCRF) celestial reference frames is analyzed. Both systems should be a realization of the ICRS (International Celestial Reference System) at microarcsecond level of accuracy. Therefore, the
The goal of this presentation is to report the latest progress in creation of the next generation of VLBI-based International Celestial Reference Frame, ICRF3. Two main directions of ICRF3 development are improvement of the S/X-band frame and extensi
The International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF, Ma et al. 1998) is currently the best realization of a quasi-inertial reference system. It is based on more than 10 years of cumulated geodetic and astrometric VLBI observations of compact extragalac