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We pursue a program to confront observations with arbitrarily inhomogeneous cosmologies beyond the FLRW metric. The main idea is to test the Copernican principle rather than assuming it a priori. We consider the $Lambda$CDM model endowed with a spherical $Lambda$LTB inhomogeneity around us, that is, we assume isotropy and test the hypothesis of homogeneity. We confront the $Lambda$LTB model with the latest available data from CMB, BAO, type Ia supernovae, local $H_0$, cosmic chronometers, Compton y-distortion and kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. We find that these data can constrain tightly this extra inhomogeneity, almost to the cosmic variance level: on scales $gtrsim 100$ Mpc structures can have a small non-Copernican effective contrast of just $delta_L sim 0.01$. Furthermore, the constraints on the standard $Lambda$CDM parameters are not weakened after marginalizing over the parameters that model the local structure, to which we assign ignorance priors. In other words, dropping the FLRW metric assumption does not imply worse constraints on the cosmological parameters. This positive result confirms that the present and future data can be meaningfully analyzed within the framework of inhomogeneous cosmology.
The tensor-vector-scalar (TeVeS) model is considered a viable theory of gravity. It produces the Milgroms modified Newtonian dynamics in the nonrelativistic weak field limit and is free from ghosts. This model has been tested against various cosmolog
This paper proposes a systematic study of cosmological signatures of modifications of gravity via the presence of a scalar field with a multiplicative coupling to the electromagnetic Lagrangian. We show that, in this framework, variations of the fine
Although cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the most powerful cosmological probe of neutrino masses, it is in trouble with local direct measurements of $H_0$, which is called the $H_0$ tension. Since neutrino masses are correlated with $H_0$ in CMB
The growth rate of matter density perturbations has been measured from redshift-space distortion (RSD) in the galaxy power spectrum. We constrain the model parameter space for representative modified gravity models to explain the dark energy problem,
We investigate cosmological consequences of an inflationary model which incorporates a generic seesaw extension (types I and II) of the Standard Model of Particle Physics. A non-minimal coupling between the inflaton field and the Ricci scalar is cons