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In this review, we present the different measures of early warning signals that can indicate the occurrence of critical transitions in complex systems. We start with the mechanisms that trigger critical transitions, how they relate to warning signals and the methods used to detect early warning signals (EWS) for sudden transitions or tipping. We discuss briefly a few applications in real systems in this context, like transitions in ecology, climate and environment, medicine, epidemics, finance and engineering. Towards the end, we mention the issues in detecting EWS in specific applications and our perspective on future trends in this area, especially related to sudden transitions in the dynamics of connected systems on complex networks.
From physics to engineering, biology and social science, natural and artificial systems are characterized by interconnected topologies whose features - e.g., heterogeneous connectivity, mesoscale organization, hierarchy - affect their robustness to e
Link failures repeatedly induce large-scale outages in power grids and other supply networks. Yet, it is still not well understood, which links are particularly prone to inducing such outages. Here we analyze how the nature and location of each link
The objective of this paper is to examine population response to COVID-19 and associated policy interventions through detecting early-warning signals in time series of visits to points of interest (POIs). Complex systems, such as cities, demonstrate
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