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Novel emergent phenomena are expected to occur under conditions exceeding the QED critical electric field, where the vacuum becomes unstable to electron-positron pair production. The required intensity to reach this regime, $sim10^{29},mathrm{Wcm^{-2}}$, cannot be achieved even with the most intense lasers now being planned/constructed without a sizeable Lorentz boost provided by interactions with ultrarelativistic particles. Seeded laser-laser collisions may access this strong-field QED regime at laser intensities as low as $sim10^{24},mathrm{Wcm^{-2}}$. Counterpropagating e-beam--laser interactions exceed the QED critical field at still lower intensities ($sim10^{20},mathrm{Wcm^{-2}}$ at $sim10,mathrm{GeV}$). Novel emergent phenomena are predicted to occur in the QED plasma regime, where strong-field quantum and collective plasma effects play off one another. Here the electron beam density becomes a decisive factor. Thus, the challenge is not just to exceed the QED critical field, but to do so with high quality, approaching solid-density electron beams. Even though laser wakefield accelerators (LWFA) represent a very promising research field, conventional accelerators still provide orders of magnitude higher charge densities at energies $gtrsim10,mathrm{GeV}$. Co-location of extremely dense and highly energetic electron beams with a multi-petawatt laser system would therefore enable seminal research opportunities in high-field physics and laboratory astrophysics. This white paper elucidates the potential scientific impact of multi-beam capabilities that combine a multi-PW optical laser, high-energy/density electron beam, and high-intensity x rays and outlines how to achieve such capabilities by co-locating a 3-10 PW laser with a state-of-the-art linear accelerator.
The scientific community is currently witnessing an expensive and worldwide race to achieve the highest possible light intensity. Within the next decade this effort is expected to reach nearly $10^{24},mathrm{W}/mathrm{cm^2}$ in the lab frame by focu
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Neutrino masses are clear evidence for physics beyond the standard model and much more remains to be understood about the neutrino sector. We highlight some of the outstanding questions and research opportunities in neutrino theory. We show that most