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A shift-invariant variational autoencoder (shift-VAE) is developed as an unsupervised method for the analysis of spectral data in the presence of shifts along the parameter axis, disentangling the physically-relevant shifts from other latent variables. Using synthetic data sets, we show that the shift-VAE latent variables closely match the ground truth parameters. The shift VAE is extended towards the analysis of band-excitation piezoresponse force microscopy (BE-PFM) data, disentangling the resonance frequency shifts from the peak shape parameters in a model-free unsupervised manner. The extensions of this approach towards denoising of data and model-free dimensionality reduction in imaging and spectroscopic data are further demonstrated. This approach is universal and can also be extended to analysis of X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, Raman spectra, and other data sets.
Mapping energy transformation pathways and dissipation on the nanoscale and understanding the role of local structure on dissipative behavior is a challenge for imaging in areas ranging from electronics and information technologies to efficient energ
The universal tendency in scanning probe microscopy (SPM) over the last two decades is to transition from simple 2D imaging to complex detection and spectroscopic imaging modes. The emergence of complex SPM engines brings forth the challenge of relia
Polarization dynamics in ferroelectric materials are explored via the automated experiment in Piezoresponse Force Spectroscopy. A Bayesian Optimization framework for imaging is developed and its performance for a variety of acquisition and pathfindin
Recent advances in scanning tunneling and transmission electron microscopies (STM and STEM) have allowed routine generation of large volumes of imaging data containing information on the structure and functionality of materials. The experimental data
Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (SP-STM) measures tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) with atomic resolution. While various methods for achieving SP probes have been developed, each is limited with respect to fabrication, performance, and all