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تسجيل مستخدم جديدCanadian Contributions to the Manhattan Project and Early Nuclear Research
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During the second world war, Canada made several important contributions to the wartime work of the Manhattan Project. The three main contributions were: establishing a domestic nuclear research laboratory in Montreal to investigate heavy water reactors, creating supply chains to provide uranium oxide, heavy water and polonium to the Manhattan Project, and the direct contributions of several Canadians living the United States. These wartime efforts helped establish a legacy of nuclear research in Canada which has persisted to the present day.
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This article describes the history of the computing facility at Los Alamos during the Manhattan Project, 1944 to 1946. The hand computations are briefly discussed, but the focus is on the IBM Punch Card Accounting Machines (PCAM). During WWII the Los
Alamos facility was one of most advanced PCAM facilities both in the machines and in the problems being solved.
The history and advances of neutronics calculations at Los Alamos during the Manhattan Project through the present is reviewed. We briefly summarize early simpler, and more approximate neutronics methods. We then motivate the need to better predict n
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Humankind is confronted with a nuclear stewardship curse, facing the prospect of needing to manage nuclear products over long time scales in the face of the short-time scales of human polities. I propose a super Manhattan-type effort to rejuvenate th
e nuclear energy industry to overcome the current dead-end in which it finds itself, and by force, humankind has trapped itself in. A 1% GDP investment over a decade in the main nuclear countries could boost economic growth with a focus on the real world, epitomised by nuclear physics/chemistry/engineering/economics with well defined targets. By investing vigorously to obtain scientific and technological breakthroughs, we can create the spring of a world economic rebound based on new ways of exploiting nuclear energy, both more safely and more durably.
In the 60s Professor Chen Ping Yang with Professor Chen Ning Yang published several seminal papers on the study of Bethes hypothesis for various problems of physics. The works on the lattice gas model, critical behaviour in liquid-gas transition, the
one-dimensional (1D) Heisenberg spin chain, and the thermodynamics of 1D delta-function interacting bosons are significantly important and influential in the fields of mathematical physics and statistical mechanics. In particular, the work on the 1D Heisenberg spin chain led to subsequent developments in many problems using Bethes hypothesis. The method which Yang and Yang proposed to treat the thermodynamics of the 1D system of bosons with a delta-function interaction leads to significant applications in a wide range of problems in quantum statistical mechanics. The Yang and Yang thermodynamics has found beautiful experimental verifications in recent years.
New measurement and assessment techniques have been applied to the radiochemical re-evaluation of the Trinity Event. Thirteen trinitite samples were dissolved and analyzed using a combination of traditional decay counting methods and the mass spectro
metry techniques. The resulting data were assessed using advanced simulation tools to afford a final yield determination of $24.8 pm 2$ kilotons TNT equivalent, substantially higher than the previous DOE released value of 21 kilotons. This article is intended to complement the work of Susan Hanson and Warren Oldham, seen elsewhere in this issue.
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