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In the forthcoming decades, the redshift drift observations in optical and radio bands will provide accurate measurements on $H(z)$ covering the redshift ranges of $2<z<5$ and $0<z<1$. In addition, gravitational wave (GW) standard siren observations could make measurements on the dipole anisotropy of luminosity distance, which will also provide the $H(z)$ measurements in the redshift range of $0<z<3$. In this work, we propose a multi-messenger and multi-wavelength observational strategy to measure $H(z)$ based on the three next-generation projects, E-ELT, SKA, and DECIGO, and we wish to see whether the future $H(z)$ measurements could provide tight constraints on dark-energy parameters. It is found that E-ELT, SKA1, and DECIGO are highly complementary in constraining dark energy models using the $H(z)$ data. We find that E-ELT, SKA1, and DECIGO can tightly constrain $Omega_m$, $w$ (or $w_0$), and $H_0$, respectively, and thus the combination of them could effectively break the cosmological parameter degeneracies. The joint E-ELT+SKA1+DECIGO data give $sigma(w)approx 0.02$ in the $w$CDM model and $sigma(w_0)approx 0.03$ in the CPL model, which are better than the results of {it Planck} 2018 TT,TE,EE+lowE+lensing+SNe+BAO. But even the joint data cannot well constrain $w_a$ in the CPL model.
The model of holographic dark energy (HDE) with massive neutrinos and/or dark radiation is investigated in detail. The background and perturbation evolutions in the HDE model are calculated. We employ the PPF approach to overcome the gravity instabil
We argue that dark energy with multiple fields is theoretically well-motivated and predicts distinct observational signatures, in particular when cosmic acceleration takes place along a trajectory that is highly non-geodesic in field space. Such mode
This paper details the modeling pipeline and validates the baseline analysis choices of the DES Year 3 joint analysis of galaxy clustering and weak lensing (a so-called 3$times$2pt analysis). These analysis choices include the specific combination of
For a general dark-energy equation of state, we estimate the maximum possible radius of massive structures that are not destabilized by the acceleration of the cosmological expansion. A comparison with known stable structures constrains the equation
We study the cosmological constant ($Lambda$) in the standard $Lambda$CDM model by introducing the textit{graduated dark energy} (gDE) characterised by a minimal dynamical deviation from the null inertial mass density of the $Lambda$ in the form $rho