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In this letter, simultaneous transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RISs) are studied. Compared with the conventional reflecting-only RISs, the coverage of STAR-RISs is extended to 360 degrees via simultaneous transmission and reflection. A general hardware model for STAR-RISs is presented. Then, channel models are proposed for the near-field and the far-field scenarios, base on which the diversity gain of the STAR-RISs is analyzed and compared with that of the conventional RISs. Numerical simulations are provided to verify analytical results and to demonstrate that full diversity order can be achieved on both sides of the STAR-RIS.
With the rapid development of advanced electromagnetic manipulation technologies, researchers and engineers are starting to study smart surfaces that can achieve enhanced coverages, high reconfigurability, and are easy to deploy. Among these efforts,
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), also known as intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs), or large intelligent surfaces (LISs), have received significant attention for their potential to enhance the capacity and coverage of wireless networks
In this paper, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and intelligent reflective surface (IRS) are utilized to support terahertz (THz) communications. To this end, the joint optimization of UAVs trajectory, the phase shift of IRS, the allocation of THz su
Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has become a promising technology for enhancing the reliability of wireless communications, which is capable of reflecting the desired signals through appropriate phase shifts. However, the intended signals th
A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a metamaterial that can be integrated into walls and influence the propagation of electromagnetic waves. This, typically passive radio frequency (RF) technology is emerging for indoor and outdoor use with