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Single photon detectors are indispensable tools in optics, from fundamental measurements to quantum information processing. The ability of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors to detect single photons with unprecedented efficiency, short dead time and high time resolution over a large frequency range enabled major advances in quantum optics. However, combining near-unity system detection efficiency with high timing performance remains an outstanding challenge. In this work, we show novel superconducting nanowire single photon detectors fabricated on membranes with 94-99.5 (plus minus 2.07%) system detection efficiency in the wavelength range 1280-1500 nm. The SiO2/Au membrane enables broadband absorption in small SNSPDs, offering high detection efficiency in combination with high timing performance. With low noise cryogenic amplifiers operated in the same cryostat, our efficient detectors reach timing jitter in the range of 15-26 ps. We discuss the prime challenges in optical design, device fabrication as well as accurate and reliable detection efficiency measurements to achieve high performance single-photon detection. As a result, the fast-developing fields of quantum information science, quantum metrology, infrared imaging and quantum networks will greatly benefit from this far-reaching quantum detection technology.
Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) with near-unity system efficiency is a key enabling, but still elusive technology for numerous quantum fundamental theory verifications and quantum information applications. The key challenge is
Single-photon detectors (SPDs) at near infrared wavelengths with high system detection efficiency (> 90%), low dark count rate (< 1 counts per second, cps), low timing jitter (< 100 ps), and short reset time (< 100 ns) would enable landmark experimen
Scalable photonic quantum technologies require on-demand single-photon sources with simultaneously high levels of purity, indistinguishability, and efficiency. These key features, however, have only been demonstrated separately in previous experiment
Single photon detectors are fundamental tools of investigation in quantum optics and play a central role in measurement theory and quantum informatics. Photodetectors based on different technologies exist at optical frequencies and much effort is cur
Efficient collection of fluorescence from nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond underlies the spin-dependent optical read-out that is necessary for quantum information processing and enhanced sensing applications. The optical collection efficiency