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The Poisson-Boltzmann equation is a widely used model to study the electrostatics in molecular solvation. Its numerical solution using a boundary integral formulation requires a mesh on the molecular surface only, yielding accurate representations of the solute, which is usually a complicated geometry. Here, we utilize adjoint-based analyses to form two goal-oriented error estimates that allows us to determine the contribution of each discretization element (panel) to the numerical error in the solvation free energy. This information is useful to identify high-error panels to then refine them adaptively to find optimal surface meshes. We present results for spheres and real molecular geometries, and see that elements with large error tend to be in regions where there is a high electrostatic potential. We also find that even though both estimates predict different total errors, they have similar performance as part of an adaptive mesh refinement scheme. Our test cases suggest that the adaptive mesh refinement scheme is very effective, as we are able to reduce the error one order of magnitude by increasing the mesh size less than 20%. This result sets the basis towards efficient automatic mesh refinement schemes that produce optimal meshes for solvation energy calculations.
The Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PBE) models the electrostatic interactions of charged bodies such as molecules and proteins in an electrolyte solvent. The PBE is a challenging equation to solve numerically due to the presence of singularities, discon
This work further improves the pseudo-transient approach for the Poisson Boltzmann equation (PBE) in the electrostatic analysis of solvated biomolecules. The numerical solution of the nonlinear PBE is known to involve many difficulties, such as expon
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This work develops entropy-stable positivity-preserving DG methods as a computational scheme for Boltzmann-Poisson systems modeling the pdf of electronic transport along energy bands in semiconductor crystal lattices. We pose, using spherical or ener
In numerical simulations of many charged systems at the micro/nano scale, a common theme is the repeated solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. This task proves challenging, if not entirely infeasible, largely due to the nonlinearity of the equa