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تسجيل مستخدم جديدA Giant Planet Candidate Transiting a White Dwarf
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Astronomers have discovered thousands of planets outside the solar system, most of which orbit stars that will eventually evolve into red giants and then into white dwarfs. During the red giant phase, any close-orbiting planets will be engulfed by the star, but more distant planets can survive this phase and remain in orbit around the white dwarf. Some white dwarfs show evidence for rocky material floating in their atmospheres, in warm debris disks, or orbiting very closely, which has been interpreted as the debris of rocky planets that were scattered inward and tidally disrupted. Recently, the discovery of a gaseous debris disk with a composition similar to ice giant planets demonstrated that massive planets might also find their way into tight orbits around white dwarfs, but it is unclear whether the planets can survive the journey. So far, the detection of intact planets in close orbits around white dwarfs has remained elusive. Here, we report the discovery of a giant planet candidate transiting the white dwarf WD 1856+534 (TIC 267574918) every 1.4 days. The planet candidate is roughly the same size as Jupiter and is no more than 14 times as massive (with 95% confidence). Other cases of white dwarfs with close brown dwarf or stellar companions are explained as the consequence of common-envelope evolution, wherein the original orbit is enveloped during the red-giant phase and shrinks due to friction. In this case, though, the low mass and relatively long orbital period of the planet candidate make common-envelope evolution less likely. Instead, the WD 1856+534 system seems to demonstrate that giant planets can be scattered into tight orbits without being tidally disrupted, and motivates searches for smaller transiting planets around white dwarfs.
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White dwarfs are the end state of most stars, including the Sun, after they exhaust their nuclear fuel. Between 1/4 and 1/2 of white dwarfs have elements heavier than helium in their atmospheres, even though these elements should rapidly settle into
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The detection of a dust disc around G29-38 and transits from debris orbiting WD1145+017 confirmed that the photospheric trace metals found in many white dwarfs arise from the accretion of tidally disrupted planetesimals. The composition of these plan
etesimals is similar to that of rocky bodies in the inner solar system. Gravitationally scattering planetesimals towards the white dwarf requires the presence of more massive bodies, yet no planet has so far been detected at a white dwarf. Here we report optical spectroscopy of a $simeq27,750$K hot white dwarf that is accreting from a circumstellar gaseous disc composed of hydrogen, oxygen, and sulphur at a rate of $simeq3.3times10^9,mathrm{g,s^{-1}}$. The composition of this disc is unlike all other known planetary debris around white dwarfs, but resembles predictions for the makeup of deeper atmospheric layers of icy giant planets, with H$_2$O and H$_2$S being major constituents. A giant planet orbiting a hot white dwarf with a semi-major axis of $simeq15$ solar radii will undergo significant evaporation with expected mass loss rates comparable to the accretion rate onto the white dwarf. The orbit of the planet is most likely the result of gravitational interactions, indicating the presence of additional planets in the system. We infer an occurrence rate of spectroscopically detectable giant planets in close orbits around white dwarfs of $simeq10^{-4}$.
We present TOI-1259Ab, a 1.0 Rjup gas giant planet transiting a 0.71 Rsun K-dwarf on a 3.48 day orbit. The system also contains a bound white dwarf companion TOI-1259B with a projected distance of approximately 1600 AU from the planet host. Transits
are observed in nine TESS sector and are 2.7 per cent deep - among the deepest known - making TOI-1259Ab a promising target for atmospheric characterization. Our follow-up radial velocity measurements indicate a variability of semiamplitude K = 71 m/s, implying a planet mass of 0.44 Mjup. By fitting the spectral energy distribution of the white dwarf we derive a total age of 4.08 (+1.21 -0.53) Gyr for the system. The K-dwarfs light curve reveals a rotational variability with a period of 28 days, which implies a gyrochronology age broadly consistent with the white dwarfs total age.
The discovery of a giant planet candidate orbiting the white dwarf WD 1856+534 with an orbital period of 1.4 d poses the questions of how the planet reached its current position. We here reconstruct the evolutionary history of the system assuming com
mon envelope evolution as the main mechanism that brought the planet to its current position. We find that common envelope evolution can explain the present configuration if it was initiated when the host star was on the AGB, the separation of the planet at the onset of mass transfer was in the range 1.69-2.35 au, and if in addition to the orbital energy of the surviving planet either recombination energy stored in the envelope or another source of additional energy contributed to expelling the envelope. We also discuss the evolution of the planet prior to and following common envelope evolution. Finally, we find that if the system formed through common envelope evolution, its total age is in agreement with its membership to the Galactic thin disc. We therefore conclude that common envelope evolution is at least as likely as alternative formation scenarios previously suggested such as planet-planet scattering or Kozai-Lidov oscillations.
Context: We present the transit and follow-up of a single transit event from Campaign 14 of K2, EPIC248847494b, which has a duration of 54 hours and a 0.18% depth. Aims: Using photometric tools and conducting radial velocity follow-up, we vet and cha
racterise this very strong candidate. Methods: Owing to the long, unknown period, standard follow-up methods needed to be adapted. The transit was fitted using Namaste, and the radial velocity slope was measured and compared to a grid of planet-like orbits with varying masses and periods. These used stellar parameters measured from spectra and the distance as measured by Gaia. Results: Orbiting around a sub-giant star with a radius of 2.70$pm$0.12R$_{rm Sol}$, the planet has a radius of 1.11$_{-0.07}^{+0.07}$R$_{rm Jup}$ and a period of 3650$_{-1130}^{+1280}$ days. The radial velocity measurements constrain the mass to be lower than 13M$_{rm Jup}$, which implies a planet-like object. Conclusions: We have found a planet at 4.5 AU from a single-transit event. After a full radial velocity follow-up campaign, if confirmed, it will be the longest-period transiting planet discovered.
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