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In this paper, we present an ensemble data assimilation paradigm over a Riemannian manifold equipped with the Wasserstein metric. Unlike the Eulerian penalization of error in the Euclidean space, the Wasserstein metric can capture translation and difference between the shapes of square-integrable probability distributions of the background state and observations -- enabling to formally penalize geophysical biases in state-space with non-Gaussian distributions. The new approach is applied to dissipative and chaotic evolutionary dynamics and its potential advantages and limitations are highlighted compared to the classic variational and filtering data assimilation approaches under systematic and random errors.
This paper presents a new variational data assimilation (VDA) approach for the formal treatment of bias in both model outputs and observations. This approach relies on the Wasserstein metric stemming from the theory of optimal mass transport to penal
In this paper, we comparatively analyze the Bures-Wasserstein (BW) geometry with the popular Affine-Invariant (AI) geometry for Riemannian optimization on the symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrix manifold. Our study begins with an observation tha
When considering functional principal component analysis for sparsely observed longitudinal data that take values on a nonlinear manifold, a major challenge is how to handle the sparse and irregular observations that are commonly encountered in longi
Model uncertainty quantification is an essential component of effective data assimilation. Model errors associated with sub-grid scale processes are often represented through stochastic parameterizations of the unresolved process. Many existing Stoch
Through ensemble-based data assimilation (DA), we address one of the most notorious difficulties in phase-resolved ocean wave forecast, regarding the deviation of numerical solution from the true surface elevation due to the chaotic nature of and und