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Marine life has been detected in the oceans trenches at great depths down to nearly 11 km. Such life is subject to particular environmental conditions of large static pressure exceeding 1000 atmosphere. While current flows are expected to be slow, waters cannot be stagnant with limited exchange of fresh nutrients needed to support life. For sufficient nutrient supply, the physics process of turbulent exchange is required. However, the environmental conditions hamper research in such waters. To study potential turbulent water motions, a string equipped with specially designed high-resolution temperature sensors was moored near the deepest point on Earth in the Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench for nearly three years. A preliminary analysis of a six-day period when the mooring was still demonstrates hundreds of meters slanted convection due to internal waves breaking from above. The associated turbulence dissipation rate with peak values hundred times above the background value is considered sufficient to maintain deep-trench life. Turbulence associates with one-ten thousandth of a degree temperature anomalies of about one hour duration.
Knowledge about the characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer are vital for the redistribution of air and suspended contents that are particularly driven by turbulent motions. Despite many modelling studies, detailed observations are still de
A parabolic equation for the propagation of periodic internal waves over varying bottom topography is derived using the multiple-scale perturbation method. Some computational aspects of the numerical implementation are discussed. The results of numer
The impact of large atmospheric disturbances on deep benthic communities is not well known quantitatively. Observations are scarce but may reveal specific processes leading to turbulent disturbances. Here, we present high-resolution deep-ocean observ
By performing two parallel numerical experiments -- solving the dynamical Hamiltonian equations and solving the Hasselmann kinetic equation -- we examined the applicability of the theory of weak turbulence to the description of the time evolution of
Deep water circulation and mixing processes in deep lakes are largely unknown, although they are responsible for the transport of matter, nutrients and pollutants. Such a lack of knowledge cannot be reliably provided by numerical hydrodynamic modelli