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We present a grid-based non-parametric approach to obtain a triaxial three-dimensional luminosity density from its surface brightness distribution. Triaxial deprojection is highly degenerate and our approach illustrates the resulting difficulties. Fortunately, for massive elliptical galaxies, many deprojections for a particular line of sight can be discarded, because their projection along other lines of sight does not resemble elliptical galaxies. The near-elliptical isophotes of these objects imply near ellipsoidal intrinsic shapes. In fact, deprojection is unique for densities distributed on ellipsoidal shells. The constrained non-parametric deprojection method we present here relaxes this constraint and assumes that the contours of the luminosity density are boxy/discy ellipsoids with radially varying axis ratios. With this approach we are able to reconstruct the intrinsic triaxial densities of our test models, including one drawn from an $N$-body simulation. The method also allows to compare the relative likelihood of deprojections at different viewing angles. We show that the viewing orientations of individual galaxies with nearly ellipsoidal isophotal shapes can be constrained from photometric data alone.
A family of triaxial Stackel potential-density pairs is introduced. With the help of a Quadratic Programming method, a linear combination of potential-density pairs of this family which fits a given projected density distribution can be built. This d
The determination of the thermodynamic properties of clusters of galaxies at intermediate and high redshift can bring new insights into the formation of large-scale structures. It is essential for a robust calibration of the mass-observable scaling r
Photometric deprojection is used to determine the stellardisk and bulge parameters for several edgeon galaxies from the FGC catalog. The assumption that the galaxies of our sample belonging to the fourth (i.e., lowest) surfacebrightness class in the
We study whether dry merger-driven size growth of massive elliptical galaxies depends on their initial structural concentration, and analyse the validity of the homology hypothesis for virial mass determination in massive ellipticals grown by dry mer
Recent progress is summarized on the determination of the density distributions of stars and dark matter, stellar kinematics, and stellar population properties, in the extended, low surface brightness halo regions of elliptical galaxies. With integra