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We investigate the appropriateness of the use of different Lagrangians to describe various components of the cosmic energy budget, discussing the degeneracies between them in the absence of nonminimal couplings to gravity or other fields, and clarifying some misconceptions in the literature. We further demonstrate that these degeneracies are generally broken for nonminimal coupled fluids, in which case the identification of the appropriate on-shell Lagrangian may become essential in order characterize the overall dynamics. We then show that models with the same on-shell Lagrangian may have different proper energy densities and use this result to map dark energy models into unified dark energy models in which dark matter and dark energy are described by the same perfect fluid. We determine the correspondence between their equation of state parameters and sound speeds, briefly discussing the linear sound speed problem of unified dark energy models as well as a possible way out associated to the nonlinear dynamics.
We consider a cosmological scenario where the dark sector is described by two perfect fluids that interact through a velocity-dependent coupling. This coupling gives rise to an interaction in the dark sector driven by the relative velocity of the com
It is well known that, in the context of general relativity, an unknown kind of matter that must violate the strong energy condition is required to explain the current accelerated phase of expansion of the Universe. This unknown component is called d
We study the decay of gravitational waves into dark energy fluctuations $pi$, through the processes $gamma to pipi$ and $gamma to gamma pi$, made possible by the spontaneous breaking of Lorentz invariance. Within the EFT of Dark Energy (or Horndeski/
The immediate observational consequence of a non-trivial spatial topology of the Universe is that an observer could potentially detect multiple images of radiating sources. In particular, a non-trivial topology will generate pairs of correlated circl
The differential age data of astrophysical objects that have evolved passivelly during the history of the universe (e.g. red galaxies) allows to test theoretical cosmological models through the predicted Hubble function expressed in terms of the reds